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Ex2: emotion mem

TermDefinition
emotional components evaluation, experience, expression
dependent measures behavior, physiology, verbal report (feelings)
affective space dimensional vs. categorical (arousal vs. valence vs. specific emotional categories or cognitive appraisals)
emotional episodes vs. mood states/traits transient (phasic) vs. persistent (tonic)
2 central issues in emotional memory research 1. whether emotion enhances or diminishes the strength of memory for an event 2. whether special mechanisms are required to account for the effects of emotion on memory (strength- what we remember)
'laws' of emotional memory 1. amygdala forms conditioned fear associations between predictive cues and aversive reinforcers 2. the amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences
two views of the role of the amygdala in emotional memory memory systems theory, memory modulation theory
memory systems theory discrete view (fear), specific form of nondeclarative memory, focus on differential roles across brain structures (amygdala vs. hippocampus vs. vmPFC)
memory modulation theory dimensional view ("arousal" or "salience"), many forms of memory implicated, focus on collaborative roles across brain structures (amygdala, hippocampus, PFC)
memory modulation hypothesis The amygdala facilitates the consolidation of emotionally-arousing memories into long-term storage
Evidence for amygdala involvement and stress hormone modulation in consolidating memories for an emotionally-arousing story The typical enhancement of memory recall for the emotionally-arousing part of the story is eliminated when healthy participants are given an adrenaline blocker or in patients with amygdala damage
Memory consolidation for arousing words impaired following bilateral amygdala damage- shows amygalads role in a time-dependent memory consolidation process
Role of endogenous cortisol in consolidating conditioned fear memories Individuals who have higher cortisol release immediately after a fear- conditioning experience exhibit higher skin conductance responses to a CS+, relative to a CS- 24 hours later
stress hormone release after an emotional learning experience can consolidate non-declarative fear memories
Main effect of arousal on amygdala activation at encoding and in memory performance overall Both the amygdala activation at encoding and the memory effect reflect arousal rather than valence (effects are similar for both pleasant and unpleasant pictures, which are greater than neutral pictures)
subsequent memory paradigm This procedure compares fMRI activation at encoding for items that are subsequently remembered vs. forgotten to reveal a difference in memory (Dm)
Amygdala-MTL activity and connectivity predict successful memory encoding for emotionally arousing pictures (pleasant and unpleasant combined) relative to neutral pictures
Role of the MTL in retrieving emotional memories helps to consolidate emotionally-arousing information into long-term storage relative to neutral information during or immediately after encoding
emotional retrieval success paradigm Subtracting fMRI activity for forgotten from remembered items yields an index of retrieval success (RS), signals recollection-based (more than knowing-based) retrieval for emotionally-arousing pictures (pleasant + unpleasant combined)
Emotional arousal (pleasant + unpleasant pictures combined) selective enhancement selectively enhances memories accompanied by a sense of recollection (“remembering something”) rather than just familiarity (“knowing something”)
Right frontotemporal hypothesis for retrograde amnesia Retrieving remote emotional autobiographical memories involves interactions between right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and medial temporal lobe (MTL); disconnecting these regions produces retrograde amnesia
PFC-MTL interactions during autobiographical memory retrieval Greater coupling for bilateral MTL and right IFG during autobiographical retrieval than semantic memory retrieval
fMRI results of Duke-UNC basketball study The amygdala and hippocampus coded for emotional arousal in memory for important plays of the game
Amygdala-MTL interactions critical for the consolidation of emotionally-arousing episodes into long-term memory, irrespective of their valence, as predicted by the memory modulation hypothesis
Amygdala-MTL interactions o critical for the retrieval of emotionally-arousing episodes from long-term memory and for the heightened subjective sense of recollection for emotional events; these effects are not predicted by the memory modulation hypothesis
Amygdala-MTL interactions extend to complex, real-world autobiographical memories and staged events
Created by: justinem
 

 



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