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MODULE 5
Chapter 6 and 23
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Codeine: | most commonly used opioid in dentistry |
| Codeine + Tylenol = | Tylenol 3, provides greater pain relief |
| Cocaine: | Abusers exhibit dilated pupils (mydriasis) |
| Morphine: | First natural opiate used for acute or severe pain ! |
| Oxycodone: | semi-synthetic opioid ! |
| Oxycodone + acetaminophen = | Percocet ! |
| Oxycodone + aspirin = | Percodan ! |
| Naloxone (Narcan): | is an opioid antagonist and used to treat opioid ! |
| Agonists | refers to a substance that binds to and activates a receptor in the body |
| Mixed opioids | also known as mixed agonist-antagonist opioids, refer to a class of opioids that have both agonistic (activating) and antagonistic (blocking) effects on opioid receptors in the nervous system |
| Antagonists | are substances that bind to receptors in the body but do not activate them. Instead, they block or inhibit the action of agonists |
| Narcotics | original name for opioid drugs. Derived from the Greek work which means “inducing stupor or sleep” |
| Opioid Agonists | morphine (MS Contin, Kadian, Roxanol, Duramorph), oxycodone [acetaminophen/oxycodone] (Percocet), hydrocodone [acetaminophen/hydrocodone] (Vicodin), codeine (Codeine 15), methadone (Methadose), fentanyl (Duragesic, Actiq, Subsys, Sublimaze), |
| Mixed Opioids | buprenorphine (Buprenex), tramadol (Ultram) |
| Opiod antagonists | naloxone (narcan) |
| Abstinence syndrome: | A constellation of physiologic changes undergone by people who have become physically dependent on a drug or chemical who are abruptly deprived of that substance. |
| Addiction: | Addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking use despite complications or negative consequences |
| Substance use disorders: | occur when the recurrent use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment. |
| Enabling: | The behavior of family or friends who associate with the addict that results in continued substance use disorder. |
| Habituation: | Physiologic tolerance to or psychological dependence on a drug |
| Misuse: | Use of a drug for a disease state in a way considered inappropriate |
| Psychologic dependence: | The state in which, following withdrawal of the drug, there are manifestations of emotional abnormalities and drug-seeking behavior. |
| Relapse: | Relapse is the return to drug use after an attempt to stop. |
| Tolerance: | With repeated dosing, the dose of a drug must be increased to obtain the same effect. |
| Withdrawal: | The constellation of symptoms, as specified in the DSM-5, that occurs when a physically dependent person stops taking the drug |
| Physical/physiologic dependence: | The state in which the drug is necessary for the continued functioning of certain body process. |
| Mixed Opioid: CNS Depressants | Ethyl Alcohol |
| Opioid Analgesic: Agonists | Heroin, meperidine (Demerol) |
| Benzodiazepine: Sedative-Hypnotics | diazepam (Valium) |
| CNS Stimulants | Cocaine, Methamphetamine (Desoxyn), Caffeine (Stay Awake), Nicotine (Nicorette, Nicoderm) |
| Withdrawal Drugs | Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI), bupropion (Wellbutrin SR), Nicotine receptor partial agonists, varenicline (Chantix) |
| Psychedelics (Hallucinogens) | Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), Phencyclidine (PCP), Ecstasy, Cannabis (Marijuana) |
Created by:
jocelynheath703