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1.2 Muscles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tendon | a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone |
| Skeletal Muscle | Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles that attach to bones and enable movement |
| Cardiac Muscle | Cardiac muscle is an involuntary, striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart and is responsible for pumping blood |
| Smooth Muscle | Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue that works automatically |
| Sarcomere | a structural unit of a myofibril in striated muscle, consisting of a dark band and the nearer half of each adjacent pale band |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells that acts as a storage and release site for calcium ions |
| Calcium Ions (Ca+2) | a calcium ion, which is a positively charged cation formed when a calcium atom loses two electrons |
| Actin filaments | Actin filaments are thin, flexible protein fibers that are a major component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells |
| Myosin filaments | also known as thick filaments, are protein structures in muscle fibers that interact with thin (actin) filaments to cause muscle contraction |
| Troponin | Troponin is a protein complex found in the heart muscle |
| Tropomyosin | Tropomyosin is a protein that is a crucial component of the actin cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells, where it works with troponin to regulate muscle contraction. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | a compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue |
| 1st muscle rule | Muscles must have at least 2 points of attachment |
| 2nd muscle rule | The attachment that moves is called the Insertion; the attachment that remains stationary is the Origin |
| 3rd muscle rule | Muscles must cross at least 1 joint |
| 4th muscle rule | Muscles work in opposing pairs: A muscle that decreases the angle of the joint is called a Flexor; a muscle that increases the angle of a joint is called an extensor |
| 5th muscle rule | Muscles can only pull / contract to get shorter. |
| 6th muscle rule | Macroscopic striations show the direction of muscle contraction. |
| Muscle Fatigue | Muscle fatigue is a temporary decline in muscle force and power, resulting in a reduced ability to perform physical activities. |
| Electromyogram (EMG) | An electromyography (EMG) is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of muscles and nerves |
| Tetany | Tetany is a medical condition characterized by increased nerve excitability, leading to involuntary muscle spasms and cramps |
Created by:
Embry Wazac