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Anatomy CH4. Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Anabolism Metabolic process, larger molecules are synthesized from smaller ones.
Catabolism Metabolic process, breaks down large molecules into smaller ones.
Dehydration Synthesis Anabolic process, joins small molecules by releasing the equivalent of a water molecule (synthesis).
Hydrolysis Enzymatically adding a water molecule to split a molecule into smaller portions.
Substrate The substance upon which an enzyme acts.
Active Site Region of an enzyme molecule that temporarily combines with a substrate.
Enzyme A protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction.
Cofactor A small molecule or ion that must combine with an enzyme or activity.
Coenzyme A non protein substance that is necessary for the activity of a particular enzyme.
Oxidation Process by which oxygen is combined with another chemical; the removal of hydrogen or the loss of electrons; opposite of reduction.
Cellular Respiration Process that releases energy from organic compounds in cells.
Glycolysis The breakdown to pryuvic acid during cellular respiration.
Citric Acid Cycle A series of chemical reactions that oxidizes certain molecules, releasing energy (Krebs Cycle).
Electron Transport Chain A series of oxidation-reduction reactions that takes high energy electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to form water and ATP.
Phosphorylation Metabolic process that adds a phosphate to an organic molecule.
Transcription Manufacturing a complementary RNA from DNA.
Translation Assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in an mRNA molecule.
Codons A set of three nucleotides of a messenger RNA molecule corresponding to a particular amino acid.
Created by: Ellyd
 

 



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