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HBS 1.2 - Muscles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tendon | tough, fibrous connective tissues that connect muscles to bones allowing them to move. |
| Skeletal Muscle | movement by contracting to pull on bones maintain posture by stabilizing joints, and generate body heat. |
| Cardiac Muscle | specialized muscle tissue that makes up the heart |
| Smooth Muscle | non-striated muscle tissue found in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and bladder. |
| Sarcomere | the basic contractile unit of a myocyte ( muscle fiber) |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | major intracellular organelle in the mature heart that controls the cytosolic calcium concentrations required for contraction. |
| Calcium Ions (Ca+2) | the free, active form of calcium in the blood |
| Actin filaments | thin, flexible protein fibers that are a key part of the cytoskeletion in eukarytoic cells. |
| Myosin filaments | thick filament made of many myosin protein molecules that are assembled together in a staggered array. |
| Troponin | a protein complex found in heart and skeletal muscles that regulates muscle contraction. |
| Tropomyosin | the guard mechanism that prevents a skeletal muscle from contracting irregularly or on its own. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | a high-energy molecule that serves as the primary energy currency for cells in all living organisms. |
| Skeletal Muscle Diagram | type of striated muscle tissue that is responsible for voluntary movements |
| Endomysium | Thin layer of delicate connective tissue that surrounds and isolates individual muscle fibers with a fascicle |
| Perimysium | connective tissue that divides a muscle into fascicles shears strains that occur during muscle contraction and extenison. |
| Myofibril | long contractile fibres group of which run parallel to each other on the long axis of the myocytes. |
| Fascicle | small or slender bundle of anatomical fibers ( such as muscle or nerve fibers) |
| Epimysium | the fibrous tissue envelope that surrounds muscle |
| Muscle Fiber / Cell | units of muscle tissue with the three main type of being skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. |
| Muscles must have at least 2 points of attachment | an origin and an insertion |
| The attachment that moves is called the Insertion; the attachment that remains stationary is the Origin | the attachment that moves is the insertion, and the attachment that remains stationary is the origin. |
| Muscles must cross at least 1 joint | most skeletal muscles must cross at lease one join to function |
| Muscles work in opposing pairs: A muscle that decreases the angle of the joint is called a Flexor: a muscle that increases the angle of a joint is called an extensor | flexor decreases the angle of a joint like bending your elbows and an extensor increases the angle of the joint like straighten your arms. |
| Muscles can only pull / contract to get shorter | yes, muscles can only pull or contract, and cannot push |
| Macroscopic striations show the direction of muscle contraction | do not show the direction of muscle contraction |
| Muscle Fatigue | a temporary decline in muscle force and power output, resulting in a reduced ability to perform physical tasks. |
| Electromyogram (EMG) | a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of muscles and nerves. |
| Tetany | a medical condition characterized by involuntary muscle spasms |
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user-1852017