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Wester Cive Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolutism | Kings or queens held unquestioned authority, even over life and death; control of government |
| Mercantilism | system by which one nation is made wealthy and powerful by its subordinate colonies |
| Puritan Oliver Cromwell | Had Charles I executed and made parliment stronger |
| William and Mary | England's first coregents, set the nation on a protestant path for good |
| Columbian Exchange | exchange of goods, property, ideas, and diseases between the New and Old worlds |
| Triangular Trade | goods traded between Africa, Europe, and America's, including slaves |
| Scientific revolution | a shift from solely religious views to one based on science in 1700s Europe |
| Enlightenment | intellectual movement of the 1800s in Europe |
| John Locke | Philosopher who argued against injustice and superstition |
| Immanuel Kant | Emphasized the importance of thinking for oneself and questioning established beliefs |
| Galileo | invents the telescope and proves the sun is the center of the universe, not the earth |
| Francis Bacon | Develops the scientific method still used today |
| Isaac Newton | studies gravitational pull |
| Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek | developed the microscope |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | pens A Vindication of the Rights of Women, an overlooked women's rights work |
| Toussaint L'Overture | Haitian slave that helped defeat the French authorities in Haiti |
| Reign of Terror | Period when the rich French citizens tried to flee their country during the revolution |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | French general who left his nation to power over Europe before his defeat |
| industrial revolution | first industrializing (with machinery) beginning in England in the 1750s |
| romanticism | emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental |
| Proletariat | working poor |
| bourgeoisie | middle class worker |
| Simon bolivar | south American independence leader compared to N. American George washington |
| otto von bismark | prissian leader who helped unify Germany in 1870s (through conflicts) |
| Friedrich Nietszhe | German philosopher who believed in nihilism, though science had "killed God" |
| Emmaline Pankhurst | Often violent English suffragist who fought for women's right to vote |
| Theodor Herzl | Founder of Zionism, or an ancestral homeland in Palestine for Jew |
| Franz Ferdinand | Austria-Hungary heir apparent murdered in Sarajevo, sparks World War |
| Gavrilo Princip | "Black Hand” terrorist who murdered archduke Ferdinand and his pregnant wife |
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Kwilliams1015