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chapter 4 vocab

TermDefinition
Anabolism metabolic process by which larger molecules are synthesized from smaller ones
Catabolism metabolic process breaks down large molecules into smaller ones
Dehydration synthesis anabolic process that joins small molecules by releasing the equivalent of a water molecule
hydrolysis enzymatically adding a water molecule to split a molecule into smaller portions
substrate the substance upon which an enzyme acts
active site region of an enzyme molecule that temporarily combines with a substrate
enzyme a protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction
cofactor a small molecule or ion that must combine with an enzyme for activity
coenzyme a nonprotein substance that is necessary for the activity of a particular enzyme
oxidation process by which oxygen is combined with another chemical; the removal of hyrogen or the loss of electrons
cellular respiration process that releases energy from organic compounds in cells
glycolysis the break down of glucose to pyruvic acid during cellular respiration
citric acid cycle a series of chemical reactions that oxidizes certain molecules, releasing energy, Krebs cycle
electron transport chain a series of oxidation reduction reactions that takes high energy electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to form water and ATP
phosphorylation metabolic process that adds a phosphate to an organic molecule
transcription manufacturing a complementary RNA from DNA
translation Assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in an mRNA molecule
codons a set of 3 nucleotides of a messenger RNA molecule corresponding to a particular amino acid
Created by: alyssapatt10
 

 



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