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cva quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| deuterostoma branches to | hemichordata echinodermata chordata |
| chordata branches to | unochordata cephalochordata craniata |
| craniata branches to | vertebrates and hagfish |
| vertebrates branch to | agnathan gnathostomes |
| agnathan branches to | ostracoderms (extinct) cyclostomes |
| gnathostoma braches to | chondricthycytes placoderm (extinct) osteichthyes |
| ostheichthyes branches to | actinopterygii sarcopterygii |
| sarcopterygii branches to | rhipidistians actinistians |
| rhipidistians | precursors for the modern tetrapod, some have the choanata (internal nostril), is a type of lobe finned fish |
| rhipidistians lead to | tetrapods |
| tetrapods lead to | amniota with amniotic eggs |
| amniotes lead to | synapsids (mammals) sauropsida (reptiles and birds) |
| chondrycthycites trait wise have | electroreceptors no lungs/gall bladder naked gill slits |
| when do paired fins start to appear | gnathastoma |
| traits of craniates | complex sense, cranial, tripartate brain, complex endocrine, muscular gut, respiratory gills, heart, hemoglobin |
| oviparous | lay eggs outside body |
| ovoviviparous | produce eggs, but hatch inside mom |
| viviparous | live young |
| first arch turns into | mandibular + articular |
| second arch turns into | malleus, stapes, hyoid |
| problems w tetrapods moving to land | desiccation respiration osmoregulation locomotion/body support reproduction feeding (neck) |
| respiration in first tetrapods and now both reptiles and amphibians | buccal pump, fusion of bones in lower jaw |
| what is the gas bladder | in tetrapods, specifically straight outta water, internal pressurized hydroskeleton |
| ectotherm | external does temp regulation |
| endotherm | internal does temp regulation |
| lissamphibians | modern amphibians |
| caecilians | long worm like burrowing animals |
| batrachians | frogs and salamanders |
| whats so special about frogs and salamanders | urostyle, elongated metatarsals and phalanges |
| transitional group b/w tetrapods and sauropsida/reptiles | reptilomorphs |
| reptilomorphs have | keratin scales, changes in vertebrae, large amniotic eggs |
| amniotes | keratinized skin, no dehydration pelvic girdle distinctive ankle bone skull morphology |
| cleidoic egg | self containing egg w amnion cushion allanatois for waste chorion for gas yolk sak for food shell for egg no dry |
| sauropsids branch out into | lepidosaurs and archosaurs |
| what are lepidosaurs | scaly lizards autotomy- tail can break and regrow specialized eyes cleidoic eggs |
| lepidosaurs | sphenodontidae (tuatara) squamata (scaly) |
| squamata (scaly) consist of | iguanine lizards and scleroglossa (gecko like lizards, snakes, skinks) |
| saurians | most advanced sauropsids |
| anapsids are | turtles |
| diapsids are | sauarians |
| theropods | birds |
| archaepteryo | both a bird and dinosaur at the same time has teeth, no horny beak, bony tail, but has wings, wishbone, feathers and reduced fingers |
| modern birds are called | neornithes |
| neornithes | paleognathe (flightless) neognathe (less weight, flight, adaptations of a bird) |
| ranking of acanthostega, tiktaalik, euthenopathan, panderycthys, coelecanth, ictheostega | coelecanth acanthostega ictheostega tiktaalik pandericthys eustenopathen |
| smooth muscles generate | heat |
| blastulation | cell division |
| synapsida evolution | synapsida-therapsida-cynodontia therapsida (still reptiles, specialize teeth dt diet) cynodontia (massater, loss of lumbar ribs, flexibility) |
| monotremata | mammals that lay eggs |
| elasmobrauchs | not fused to cranium jaw (chondricthyocites) |
| holocephali | fused to cranium jaw (chondrichthyocites) |
| therians | bear live young |
| 2 types of therians | metatheria, eutheria |
| metatheria | give birth to a pouch, like marsupials do |
| eutheria | give birth with a well developed placenta and young can survive right after popping out |
| types of eutheria | ungluates (grazers, like cows) primates colentata (anteater and pangolin) glires (shrews, rabbits, rodents) archontans (bats and flying foxes) |
| phylogeny | evolutionary history |
| ontogeny | fertilization to maturity |
| blastulation | cell division |
| holoblastic cleavage | equal cell division, amphibians and therians, little to no yolk |
| meroblastic cleavage | unequal cell division, fish, birds |
| gastrulation | blastocoel, gut forms, germ cell layers form |
| types of cytodifferentiation | totipotent, pluripotent, unipotent any, several cell types, one cell type |
| cell communication methods | inducer cells, morphogen, extracellular martix |
| morphogen | paracrine, endocrine |
| paracrine | thru tissue/matrix pre cell |
| endocrine | through the circulatory system |
| von baer's law | goes general to specific in development, not ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny!!!!!!!!!! |
Created by:
kavyasurav