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Forest Eco Midterm
Forest Ecology Mdtrm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stand | Contiguous group of trees similar in structure and composition, and growing on a site of uniform quality |
| Basal Area | The sum of the cross-sectional area of tree stems measured at 4.5 feet above average ground level. Expressed on per-acre or per-hectare basis |
| Tree Density | Number of trees per unit area (acre) |
| Regeneration | Number and size of seedlings and/or saplings |
| Niche | Environmental factors that permit establishment and development of a species (temporal and spatial) |
| Niche Partitioning | Division of niche to avoid negative interactions with other species |
| Fundamental Niche | Niche potentially occupied by a species (potential niche) |
| Realized Niche | Niche actually occupied by a species |
| Biodiversity | The degree of variation in life forms within a given species, community, ecosystem, or region |
| Structural Diversity | Main type of diversity. Variation in size and form of trees in the environment. Aims to increase stand complexity |
| Horizontal Diversity | Type of structural diversity. Variety of forest types and age classes across the landscape |
| Foliage Height Diversity | Type of structural diversity. Vertical distribution of foliage in the forest canopy |
| Canopy Diversity | Type of structural diversity. More physical niches present in the canopy due to increased canopy complexity. Crates habitat for species |
| Functional Diversity | Main type of diversity. Variation in functional groups and characteristics |
| Functional Groups | Collection of organisms based on anatomical, physiological or behavioral features. Does not always reflect taxonomic groups |
| Functional Traits | Characteristics that define functional groups |
| Biological Diversity | Main type of diversity. The degree of variation in life forms within a given species, community, ecosystem or region. Can be genetic or stand level |
| Richness | Measures the number of species |
| Evenness | How evenly individuals are distributed among species |
| Species-Area Curves | Mathematical graphs that assess richness across a range of spatial scales |
| Rank Abundance Curve | Graph that visually emphasizes evenness and dominance of species in a stand |
| Keystone Species | Species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance |
| Web Compartmentalization | When one species is reliant on a singular food source for energy |
| Ecotone | Transition zone between two adjoining plant communities |
| Shannon Diversity Index | Way to measure diversity of species in a community. The higher the value of H, the greater diversity of species |
| Saproxylic Species | Species that require deadwood at one or all stages of their life cycle |
| Morticulture | Creating snags and woody debris |
| Coarse-Filter Approach to Diversity | Maintaining or creating structural diversity to protect the most amount of species |
| Fine Filter Approach to Diversity | Special measure that is needed for species that 'slip through' coarse-filter approaches |
| Vera Hypothesis | Browsing maintained Europe's original landscape as open woodlands, not closed canopy forests |
| Eruptive (outbreak) Species | Species that occur in high-altitude levels of forestry only that maintain low population levels for much of their lives, and then create eruptive patterns |
| Constitutive Defense | Traits that are always expressed in a plant |
| Glucosinolates | distasteful compounds (garlic and horseradish) that contain sulfur and nitrogen. Irritants |
| Terpenes | Compound composed of carbon and hydrogen that is volatile. Smelly, is a toxin and feeding deterrent |
| Alkaloids | Nitrogen containing compounds that have psychotropic properties by influencing the nervous system (caffeine, cocaine) |
| Phenolic Compounds | Bind proteins in an animal's gut, leading to reduced growth and reproduction (tannins) |
| Secondary Substances | Organic compounds that are not directly involved in growth |
| Defoliators | Insects that consume leaves, needles and buds |
| Grazers | Mostly mammals, consume non-woody vegetation by clipping near the ground |
| Browsers | Mammals that consume leaves and bark from a variety of trees and shrubs |
| Herbivory | Feeding on plant tissue |
| Elaiosome | Energy-rich lipid body attached to a seed as an important food source for some species (Ants) |
| Zoochory | Seed dispersal by animals |
Created by:
SkylerG