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Chapter 6 cos
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ion | an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge |
| Emulsifier | an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture |
| Compound molecules | also known as compounds; a chemical combination of tow or more atoms of different elements in fixed proportions |
| Exothermic reaction | chemical reaction that release a significant amount of heat |
| Alkalis | also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts |
| Immiscible | liquids that are not compatible of being mixed together to form stable solutions |
| Solvent | the substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution |
| Atoms | smallest chemical components (particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element |
| Mutagen | substance that causes an increase in cellular mutations, some of which are harmful but others which have little or no effect on the body's function; may cause cancer but not always |
| Alkaline solution | solution that has a pH above 7 (neutral) |
| Volatile organic compounds (VDOC) | compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile) |
| Flammable | material that is capable of igniting and burning, and easier to ignite than combustible material |
| Reducing agent | substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound |
| pH | abbreviation used for potential hydrogen; represents the quantity of hydrogen ions |
| Neutrons | subatomic particles with no charge |
| Elemental molecule | molecule containing or tow or more atoms of the same element in fixed proportions |
| Matter | any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight) |
| Acidic solution | solution that has a pH below 7 (neutral) |
| Imcompatible | substances that should not be mixed or even stored near each other |
| Chemical change | change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance |
| Water in oil (W/O) emulsion | water droplets emulsified in oil |
| Hydrophilic | easily absorbs moisture; capable of combining with or attracting water (water loving) |
| Alkanolamines | alkaline substances used to neutralized acids or raise the pH of many hair products |
| Glycolic acid | an alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products |
| Oxidizing agent | substance that releases oxygen |
| Overexposure | prolonged, repeated, or long term exposure that can cause sensitivity |
| Endothermic reaction | chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to occur |
| Electrons | subatomic particles with a negative charge |
| Anion | an ion with a negative electrical charge |
| Chemical properties | characteristics that can be determined only by a chemical reaction and a chemical changes in the substance |
| Glycerin | sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams |
| Protons | subatomic particles with a positive charge |
| Acid-alkali neutralization reactions | when acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water and a salt |
| IonIzation | separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions |
| Combustion | rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light |
| Emulsion | unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier |
| Surfactants | contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify |
| Thioglycolic acid | colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions |
| Alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) | acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin |
| Combustible | material that is capable of igniting and burning |
| Physical changed |
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