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DCC Core Greek Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ὁ ἡ τό | the |
| αὐτός αὐτή αὐτό | him- her- itself etc. (for emphasis); the same (with article); (pron.) him, her, it etc. (in oblique cases) |
| καί | and, also, even; καί...καί both...and |
| δέ | and; but |
| τίς τί | who? what? which? (interrog. pron./adj.) |
| εἰμί, ἔσομαι, impf. ἦν, infin. εἶναι | be, exist |
| οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο | this, these; μετὰ ταῦτα after this |
| ἤ | or; than (after a comparative); ἤ...ἤ either...or |
| ἐν | in, among (+dat.) |
| μέν...δέ | on the one hand...on the other hand (often untranslated); μέν (by itself) indeed |
| τις τι | someone, something, anyone, anything, some, any (enclitic indef. pron./adj.) |
| ὅς ἥ ὅ | who, which, that |
| γάρ | for (explanatory), indeed, in fact (confirming) |
| οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ | not (with indicative verbs) |
| λέγω, ἐρῶ, εἶπον, εἴρηκα, λέλεγμαι, ἐλέχθην and ἐρρήθην | say, speak (of), recount; pick up, collect, count |
| ὡς | as, since; (introducing purpose clause) so that (+subj./opt.); (introducing indir. statement) that |
| τε | and; τε…τε both…and |
| εἰς | into, to, towards (+acc.) |
| ἐπί | at (+gen.); on (+dat.); on to, against (+acc.) |
| κατά | down, down (from or along), throughout, according to; κατὰ γῆν by land; κατὰ φύσιν in accordance with nature; κατ’ ἔθνη by nations; καθ᾿ἕνα one by one. |
| ἐγώ ἐμοῦ, (pl.) ἡμεῖς, ἡμῶν | I, we |
| πρός | from the side of, in the presence of (+gen.); near, at, in addition to (+dat.); to, towards, in relation to (+acc.) |
| γίγνομαι, γενήσομαι, 2 aor. ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, γεγένημαι, ἐγενήθην | become; be born; happen, be |
| ἐάν (εἰ-ἄν) | if (+subj.) |
| διά | through, during, because of (+gen., acc.) |
| ἀλλά | but |
| πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν | every, all; whole (with article) |
| ἔχω, ἕξω or σχήσω, 2 aor. ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα, impf. εἶχον | have, hold, keep |
| ἐκ, ἐξ | from, out of (+gen.) |
| πολύς πολλή πολύ | much, many; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ for the most part |
| περί | around, about; concerning (+gen.) |
| μή | not (marks the negative as subjective or conditional); εἰ μή if not, except |
| ὅστις ἥτις ὅ τι | anyone who, anything which; (in indir. quest.) who, which, what |
| ἄν | [marks verbs as potential (with optative), or generalizing (with subjunctive)] |
| σύ, σοῦ, (pl.) ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν | you |
| ἀνά | up, on; throughout |
| ὅτι | because, that; (with superl.) as...as possible |
| εἰ | if (+indic. or opt.); εἴπερ if indeed |
| ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο | other, another |
| ἀπό | from (+gen.) |
| φημί, φήσω, impf. ἔφην | say, assert, declare; οὐ φημί deny, refuse, say that...not |
| ὑπό | under (+gen., dat.); by (+gen. of personal agent); down under (+acc.) |
| ποιέω, ποιήσω, ἐποίησα, πεποίηκα, πεποίημαι, ἐποιήθην | make, produce, cause, do; (mid.) consider, reckon |
| οὖν | therefore, accordingly; at any rate |
| λόγος λόγου, ὁ | word, speech, discourse; thought, reason, account |
| παρά | from (+gen.); beside (+dat.); to, to the side of, contrary to (+acc.) |
| οὕτως | in this way |
| πρότερος προτέρα πρότερον | before, earlier; τὸ πρότερον previously, before |
| πρότερος προτέρα πρότερον | before, earlier; τὸ πρότερον previously, before |
| θεός θεοῦ, ὁ/ἡ | god, goddess |
| μετά | with (+gen.); after (+acc.) |
| ἑαυτοῦ ἑαυτῆς ἑαυτοῦ | him- her- itself (reflexive pron.) |
| μέγας μεγάλη μέγα | big, great, powerful |
| οὐδέ | and not, but not, nor; οὐδέ...οὐδέ not even...nor yet |
| ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνο | that person or thing; ἐκεῖνος…οὗτος the former…the latter |
| τοιοῦτος τοιαύτη τοιοῦτο | such, of such a sort |
| οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν | no one, nothing |
| εἶπον | I said, I spoke, 2 aor. → λέγω, φημί |
| ἀγαθός –ή –όν | good, virtuous, brave, noble |
| γε | (enclitic) indeed; at least, at any rate |
| δή | surely, really, now, in fact, indeed (gives greater exactness) |
| πόλις πόλεως, ἡ | city, city-state |
| εἷς μία ἕν | one |
| ἵημι, ἥσω, ἧκα, -εἷκα, εἷμαι, -εἵθην | put in motion, let go, shoot; (mid.) hasten, rush |
| δέω, δεήσω, ἐδέησα, δεδέηκα, δεδέημαι, ἐδεήθην | lack, miss, stand in need of (+gen.) |
| ἄνθρωπος –ου, ὁ/ἡ | human being |
| ὁράω, ὄψομαι, 2 aor. εἶδον, ἑόρακα and ἑώρακα, ὤφθην, impf. ἑώρων | see, look (to) |
| μόνος μόνη μόνον | alone, single |
| οὔτε...οὔτε | neither...nor |
| οἷος οἵα οἷον | such as, of what sort, like, (exclam.) what a!, how! ; οἷός τε (+infin.) fit or able to; οἷόν τε (+infin.) it is possible to |
| λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθην | take, grasp, seize; receive, get |
| δοκέω, δόξω, ἔδοξα | think, suppose, imagine (+acc. and infin.); seem, seem good; (impers.) δοκεῖ μοι it seems to me |
| ἕτερος ἑτέρα ἕτερον | the other (of two); other, another |
| κακός –ή –όν | bad, wicked, cowardly |
| ἀνήρ ἀνδρός, ὁ | man, husband |
| ἐπεί | after, since, when |
| ὅσος ὅση ὅσον | however much; as great as; (in pl.) as many as; ὅσον (adv.) as much as |
| καλέω, καλῶ, ἐκάλεσα, κέκληκα, κέκλημαι, ἐκλήθην | call, summon |
| σῶμα σώματος, τό | body |
| δεῖ, δεήσει, impf. ἔδει | it is necessary, one must, one ought (+acc. and infin.) |
| ὥσπερ | just as, as if |
| δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην | give, grant, offer |
| δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην | give, grant, offer |
| ἔτι | still, yet |
| φύσις φύσεως, ἡ | nature; (of the mind) one’s nature or disposition; regular order of nature |
| μικρός –ά –όν | small, little, short |
| δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, ἐδυνήθην, δεδύνημαι | (+infin.) to be able (to), be strong enough (to) |
| ὥστε | (introducing natural or actual result clause) so as, so that, (with the result) that |
| ἀρχή ἀρχῆς, ἡ | beginning, origin; rule, empire, realm; magistracy |
| ἕκαστος ἑκάστη ἕκαστον | each (of several) |
| ἡμέρα ἡμέρας, ἡ | day |
| φύω, φύσω, ἔφυσα | bring forth, produce, beget; 2 aor. ἔφυν grew, pf. πέφυκα be by nature |
| ἅπας ἅπασα ἅπαν | all together |
| ὅμοιος ὁμοία ὅμοιον | like, resembling (+dat.) |
| νῦν, νυνί | now |
| γῆ γῆς, ἡ | earth |
| δύναμις δυνάμεως, ἡ | power, strength, ability |
| καλός –ή –όν | beautiful, noble, honorable |
| κύριος κυρίου, ὁ | lord, master |
| μᾶλλον | more, rather; μᾶλλον...ἤ rather than |
| ὅδε ἥδε τόδε | this |
| ὅλος ὅλη ὅλον | whole, entire, complete |
| μέρος μέρους, τό | part, share |
| ἄρα | therefore, then (drawing an inference) |
| ἐμός ἐμή ἐμόν | my, mine |
| χράομαι, χρήσομαι, ἐχρησάμην, κέχρημαι, ἐχρήσθην | use, experience, suffer (+dat.); treat someone in a certain way (+dat. and adv.) |
| δύο | two |
| χρόνος χρόνου, ὁ | time |
| ἴσος ἴση ἴσον | equal, the same as (+dat.) |
| ὅταν (ὅτε-ἄν) | whenever (+subj.) |
| μόνον | only |
| οἶδα, infin. εἰδέναι, imper. ἴσθι, plupf. used as impf. ᾔδειν | to know (pf. in pres. sense); to know how to (+infin.) |
| βασιλεύς βασιλέως, ὁ | king |
| ὦ | oh! (unemphatic when with the vocative) |
| βούλομαι, βουλήσομαι, βεβούλημαι, ἐβουλήθην | (+infin.) will, wish (to); be willing (to); ὁ βουλόμενος anyone who likes |
| φαίνω, φανῶ, ἔφηνα, πέφηνα, πέφασμαι, ἐφάνην | bring to light, make appear, make clear; (pass.) come to light, be seen, appear, appear to be (+ptc. or infin.) |
| γράφω, γράψω, ἔγραψα, γέγραφα, γέγραμμαι, ἐγράφην | write |
| φέρω, οἴσω, 1 aor. ἤνεγκα, 2 aor. ἤνεγκον, ἐνήνοχα, ἐνήνεγμαι, ἠνέχθην | carry, bring, fetch; carry off or away; φέρε come now, well |
| ψυχή ψυχῆς, ἡ | breath, life, soul |
| μηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν | no one, nothing |
| αἴτιος αἰτία αἴτιον | responsible, guilty |
| πάλιν | back, backwards; again |
| μάλιστα | most, most of all; (in replies) certainly |
| ὑπάρχω, ὑπάρξω, ὑπῆρξα, ὑπῆργμαι, ὑπήρχθην | exist, be, belong to; τὰ ὑπάρχοντα existing circumstances |
| ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦργμαι, ἤρχθην | begin (+gen.); lead, rule, govern (+gen.) |
| γυνή γυναικός, ἡ | woman, wife |
| ποτε (enclitic) | at some time, ever, in the world |
| ἵνα | in order that (conj. +subj. or opt.); where (rel. adv. +indic.) |
| ὄνομα ὀνόματος, τό | name; fame |
| ὑπέρ | for (+gen), beyond (+acc.) |
| ἤδη | already, now (of the immediate past); presently (of the immediate future) |
| πατήρ πατρός, ὁ | father |
| ἀκούω, ἀκούσομαι, ἤκουσα, ἀκήκοα, plup. ἠκηκόη or ἀκηκόη, ἠκούσθην | listen (to), hear (of) |
| γένος γένους, τό | race, family; kind, class |
| τόπος τόπου, ὁ | place; topic |
| πράσσω, πράξω, ἔπραξα, πέπραχα, πέπραγμαι, ἐπράχθην | do, achieve, accomplish; do or fare in a certain way (+adv.) |
| πράσσω, πράξω, ἔπραξα, πέπραχα, πέπραγμαι, ἐπράχθην | do, achieve, accomplish; do or fare in a certain way (+adv.) |
| πρῶτος πρώτη πρῶτον | first, foremost, earliest; (adv.) τὸ πρῶτον in the first place |
| εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, 2 aor. ηὗρον or εὗρον, ηὕρηκα or εὕρηκα, εὕρημαι, εὑρέθην | find (out), discover, devise |
| παῖς παιδός, ὁ/ἡ | son, daughter, child; slave |
| ἔρχομαι, fut. εἶμι or ἐλεύσομαι, 2 aor. ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθα | come, go |
| υἱός υἱοῦ, ὁ | son |
| ὕδωρ ὕδατος, τό | water |
| ἴδιος ἰδία ἴδιον | one’s own; peculiar, separate, distinct |
| σός σή σόν | your, yours (sg.; ὑμέτερος = pl.) |
| γιγνώσκω, γνώσομαι, ἔγνων, ἔγνωκα, ἔγνωσμαι, ἐγνώσθην | come to know, learn; judge, think, or determine that (+acc. and infin.) |
| τυγχάνω, τεύξομαι, ἔτυχον, τετύχηκα, τέτυγμαι, ἐτύχθην | hit, light upon, meet by chance (+gen.); reach, gain, obtain; happen to be (+ptc.) |
| ἵστημι στήσω will set, ἔστησα set, caused to stand, 2 aor. ἔστην stood, ἕστηκα stand, plup. εἱστήκη stood, ἐστάθην stood | make to stand, set |
| ἅμα | at the same time; (prep.) together with (+dat.) |
| ἄγω, ἄξω, ἤγαγον, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἤχθην | lead, carry, bring; pass (time) |
| τρόπος τρόπου, ὁ | way, manner, fashion; way of life, habit, custom |
| μήτε...μήτε | neither...nor |
| μέσος μέση μέσον | middle, in the middle, moderate; τὸ μέσον midst |
| ἀλλήλων –οις | (oblique cases plural only) one another, each other |
| ἀεί | always |
| φίλος φίλη φίλον | beloved, dear; friendly |
| συμβαίνω, συμβήσομαι, 2 aor. συνέβην, συμβέβηκα | meet, come to an agreement, correspond; happen, occur, come to pass; turn out in a certain way (+adv.), result |
| ἔργον ἔργου, τό | work, achievement, exploit |
| πλέω, πλεύσομαι, ἔπλευσα, πέπλευκα, πέπλευσμαι, ἐπλεύσθην | sail |
| τότε | then, at that time; οἱ τότε the men of that time (opp. οἱ νῦν) |
| μήν | [emphasizes preceding particle] |
| χρή, impf. χρῆν or ἐχρῆν, infin. χρῆναι | it is necessary, it is fated, one ought (+infin. or +acc. and infin.) |
| δείκνυμι, δείξω, ἔδειξα, δέδειχα, δέδειγμαι, ἐδείχθην | show, point out |
| ζῷον ζῴου, τό | living being, animal |
| πρᾶγμα πράγματος, τό | thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business |
| ἐναντίος ἐναντία ἐναντίον | opposite, facing; opposing |
| τίθημι, θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθηκα, τέθειμαι (but usu. κεῖμαι instead), ἐτέθην | to put, place; establish, ordain, institute; put in a certain state |
| εἶδον, 2 aor. of ὁράω, act. infin. ἰδεῖν, mid.infin. ἰδέσθαι | I saw |
| χείρ χειρός, ἡ | hand |
| μηδέ | and not |
| ὀλίγος ὀλίγη ὀλίγον | little, small, few |
| νόμος νόμου, ὁ | custom, tradition, law |
| κοινός –ή –όν | common, shared, mutual |
| οἴομαι or οἶμαι, οἰήσομαι, impf. ᾤμην, aor. ᾠήθην | think, suppose, imagine (+acc. and infin.) |
| κινέω, κινήσω, ἐκίνησα, κεκίνηκα, κεκίνημαι, ἐκινήθην | set in motion, move, rouse |
| πάσχω, πείσομαι, ἔπαθον, πέπονθα | suffer, experience, be affected in a certain way (+adv.) |
| πῶς | how? |
| ὅσπερ ἥπερ ὅπερ | the very one who, the very thing which |
| τοσοῦτος –αύτη –οῦτο(ν) | so large, so much |
| σύν | with (+ dat. of accompaniment or means) |
| εἶτα | then, next |
| ἀληθής –ές | TRUE |
| δίκαιος δικαία δίκαιον | right, just |
| μέλλω, μελλήσω, ἐμέλλησα | (+infin.) think of doing, intend to, be about to |
| ἐθέλω, ἐθελήσω, ἠθέλησα, ἠθέληκα | (+infin.) wish (to); be willing (to) |
| λοιπός –ή –όν | rest, remaining, rest-of-the |
| ἀνάγκη ἀνάγκης, ἡ | necessity |
| ὅτε | when, whenever (+indic. or opt.) |
| δεύτερος –α –ον | second |
| πόλεμος πολέμου ὁ | war |
| χώρα χώρας, ἡ | land; place |
| ζάω, ζήσω, ἔζησα, ἔζηκα | live |
| πλῆθος πλήθους, τό | mass, throng, crowd; number |
| ἥλιος ἡλίου, ὁ | sun |
| αἰτία αἰτίας, ἡ | cause, origin; charge, accusation |
| πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέποιθα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην | persuade, win over; (mid. and pass.) obey, believe in, trust in (+dat.) |
| πάρειμι | be present, be ready or at hand; (impers.) πάρεστί μοι it depends on me, it is in my power; τὰ παρόντα the present circumstances; τὸ παρόν just now |
| πλεῖστος πλείστη πλεῖστον | most, greatest, largest (superl. of πολύς) |
| εἶδος εἴδους, τό | form, shape, figure; class, kind, sort |
| ὅπως | how, as; so that, in order that (+subj. or opt.) |
| τρεῖς τρία | three |
| βίος βίου, ὁ | life |
| νομίζω, νομιῶ, ἐνόμισα, νενόμικα, νενόμισμαι, ἐνομίσθην | think, believe that (+acc. and infin.); hold as a custom, be accustomed to (+infin.) |
| κύκλος κύκλου, ὁ | circle, ring, orb, disc, circular motion |
| πάθος πάθους, τό | incident, accident, misfortune, experience; passion, emotion; state, condition |
| πρό | before, in front of (+gen.) |
| πρό | before, in front of (+gen.) |
| μέντοι | however; of course |
| ὀνομάζω, ὀνομάσω, ὠνόμασα, ὠνόμακα, ὠνόμασμαι, ὠνομάσθην | call by name |
| ὑμέτερος ὑμετέρα ὑμέτερον | your, yours (pl.; σός = sg.) |
| ἀρετή ἀρετῆς, ἡ | goodness, excellence; virtue; valor, bravery |
| ἔτος ἔτους, τό | year |
| ἀντί | opposite (+gen.) |
| ναῦς νεώς, ἡ | ship |
| τρίτος –η –ον | third |
| πνεῦμα πνεύματος, τό | wind, breath, spirit |
| ὀρθός –ή –όν | upright, straight, true, regular |
| θάλασσα θαλάσσης, ἡ | the sea |
| διαφέρω, διοίσω, 1 aor. διήνεγκα, 2 aor. διήνεγκον, διενήνοχα, διενήνεγμαι | carry in different ways, spread; differ; (impers.) διαφέρει it makes a difference to (+dat.) |
| μέχρι | until (conj.); as far as, up to (prep. +gen.) |
| δόξα δόξης, ἡ | opinion, judgment; reputation, honor, glory |
| κεφαλή –ῆς, ἡ | head |
| πῦρ πυρός, τό | fire |
| ἐλάσσων ἔλασσον | smaller, less, fewer (comp. of μικρός) |
| πούς ποδός, ὁ | foot |
| ἱερός –ά –όν | holy, venerated, divine |
| εὐθύς εὐθεῖα εὐθύ | straight, direct; (adv.) immediately |
| εἶμι, infin. ἰέναι, ptc. ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν | I will go (fut. of ἔρχομαι) |
| ταχύς ταχεῖα ταχύ | quick, fast; (adv.) τάχα quickly; perhaps |
| ποταμός –οῦ, ὁ | river, stream |
| οὐσία οὐσίας, ἡ | substance, property; essence |
| ἀριθμός –οῦ, ὁ | number |
| ὕστερος ὑστέρα ὕστερον | coming after, following (+gen.); next, later; (adv.) ὕστερον afterwards |
| φυλάσσω, φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα, πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι, ἐφυλάχθην | watch, guard, defend; (mid.) be on one’s guard against (+acc.) |
| καιρός καιροῦ, ὁ | the right time |
| οἰκέω, οἰκήσω, ᾤκησα, ᾤκηκα, ᾠκήθην | inhabit, occupy |
| ἀμφότερος ἀμφοτέρα ἀμφότερον | both |
| σημεῖον σημείου, τό | sign, signal, mark |
| παρέχω, παρέξω, παρέσχον, παρέσχηκα, impf. παρεῖχον | provide, present, offer; allow, grant |
| ἑκάτερος ἑκατέρα ἑκάτερον | each (of two) |
| δηλόω, δηλώσω, ἐδήλωσα, δεδήλωκα, ἐδηλώθην | show, declare, explain |
| οἰκεῖος οἰκεία οἰκεῖον | domestic, of the house; one’s own; fitting, suitable |
| κελεύω, κελεύσω, ἐκέλευσα, κεκέλευκα, κεκέλευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην | order, bid, command (+acc. and infin.) |
| τέλος τέλους, τό | end, fulfillment, achievement |
| ἡγέομαι, ἡγήσομαι, ἡγησάμην, ἥγημαι | lead, be the leader; regard, believe, think |
| ἄξιος ἀξία ἄξιον | worthy, deserving |
| ἦ | truly (emphasizes what follows) |
| δῆλος δήλη δῆλον | visible, clear, manifest |
| τοίνυν (τοί-νυν) | therefore, accordingly (inferential); further, moreover (transitional) |
| πολέμιος πολεμία πολέμιον | hostile; οἱ πολέμιοι the enemy |
| ἔρομαι, ἐρήσομαι, 2 aor. ἠρόμην | ask, ask one about (+double acc.) |
| ἀδελφός –οῦ, ὁ | brother |
| μέγεθος μεγέθους, τό | greatness, size, magnitude |
| εἴτε…εἴτε | whether…or |
| κεῖμαι, κείσομαι | to lie, be situated, be laid up in store, be set up, be established or ordained (used as pf. pass. of τίθημι) |
| πολλάκις | often |
| πίνω, πίομαι, 2 aor. ἔπιον, πέπωκα, -πέπομαι, -επόθην | drink |
| χάρις χάριτος, ἡ | splendor, honor, glory; favor, goodwill, gratitude, thanks |
| ἔπειτα | then, next |
| ζητέω, ζητήσω, ἐζήτησα, ἐζήτηκα | seek |
| σχῆμα σχήματος, τό | form, figure, appearance, character |
| τροφή τροφῆς, ἡ | nourishment, food |
| μανθάνω, μαθήσομαι, ἔμαθον, μεμάθηκα | learn, ascertain |
| ἐνταῦθα | here, there |
| φεύγω, φεύξομαι, ἔφυγον, πέφευγα | flee, run away, avoid, shun |
| ἵππος ἵππου, ὁ | horse |
| κόσμος κόσμου, ὁ | order; ornament, decoration, adornment; world, universe |
| αἷμα αἵματος, τό | blood |
| αἱρέω, αἱρήσω, 2 aor. εἷλον, ᾕρηκα, ᾕρημαι, ᾑρέθην | take, grasp, take by force; (mid.) choose |
| προστίθημι, προσθήσω, προσέθηκα, προστέθηκα, προστέθειμαι (but commonly προσκεῖμαι instead), προσετέθην | add; (med.) join |
| ἀξιόω, ἀξιώσω, ἠξίωσα, ἠξίωκα, ἠξίωμαι, ἠξιώθην | consider worthy; require, demand, ask, claim |
| ἕως | until; while, so long as |
| νέος νέα νέον | young, new, fresh |
| ἔοικα, ptc. εἰκώς | be like, look like (+dat.); seem; befit |
| κἄν (καὶ-ἄν) | even if (+subj.) |
| καθίστημι, καταστήσω, κατέστησα, κατέστην, καθέστηκα, plupf. καθειστήκη, κατεστάθην | set down, establish; bring into a certain state, render |
| καθίστημι, καταστήσω, κατέστησα, κατέστην, καθέστηκα, plupf. καθειστήκη, κατεστάθην | set down, establish; bring into a certain state, render |
| τέχνη τέχνης, ἡ | art, skill, craft |
| χρῆμα χρήματος, τό | thing, matter; (more commonly in pl.) goods or property, esp. money |
| σῴζω, σώσω, ἔσωσα, σέσωκα, ἐσώθην | save |
| πέμπω, πέμψω, ἔπεμψα, πέπομφα, πέπεμμαι, ἐπέμφθην | send |
| φωνή φωνῆς, ἡ | sound, voice |
| ἕνεκα | on account of, for the sake of (+gen.) |
| ἀπόλλυμι, ἀπολῶ, ἀπώλεσα, 2 aor. mid. ἀπωλόμην, pf. ἀπολώλεκα (“I have utterly destroyed”) or ἀπόλωλα (“I am undone”) | kill, destroy; (mid.) perish, die |
| θάνατος θανάτου, ὁ | death |
| νύξ νυκτός, ἡ | night |
| ὁδός ὁδοῦ, ἡ | road, way, path |
| ἔθνος ἔθνους, τό | nation |
| ἀποδίδωμι, ἀποδώσω, ἀπέδωκα, ἀποδέδωκα, ἀποδέδομαι, ἀπεδόθην | give back; render; allow; (mid.) sell |
| νοῦς (νόος), νοῦ (νόου), ὁ | mind, perception, sense |
| μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα, μεμένηκα | stay, remain, endure, await |
| ἀποθνῄσκω, ἀποθανοῦμαι, 2 aor. ἀπέθανον, ἀποτέθνηκα | die |
| πάνυ | altogether, entirely |
| εὖ | well (opp. κακῶς); thoroughly, competently; happily, fortunately |
| κρίνω, κρινῶ, ἔκρινα, κέκρικα, κέκριμαι, ἐκρίθην | judge, decide, determine |
| ἀναιρέω, ἀναιρήσω, ἀνεῖλον, ἀνῄρηκα, ἀνῄρημαι, ἀνῃρέθην | raise, take up; kill, destroy |
| μακρός –ά –όν | long, tall, large, long-lasting |
| ἥκω, ἥξω, pf. ἧκα | I have come, I am present |
| ἡδονή –ῆς, ἡ | pleasure, enjoyment |
| μήτηρ μητρός, ἡ | mother |
| δεινός –ή –όν | awesome, terrible; clever, clever at (+infin.) |
| διαφορά –ᾶς, ἡ | difference, disagreement |
| κρατέω, κρατήσω, ἐκράτησα, κεκράτηκα, κεκράτημαι, ἐκρατήθην | be victorious, conquer, rule, surpass, excel (+gen.) |
| δῆμος δήμου, ὁ | the (common) people; country district (opp. πόλις) |
| οὐρανός –οῦ, ὁ | sky, heaven |
| ἕπομαι ἕψομαι, 2 aor. ἑσπόμην | follow |
| ἥσσων ἧσσον | less, weaker (comp. of κακός or μικρός) |
| ἥσσων ἧσσον | less, weaker (comp. of κακός or μικρός) |
| ὄρος ὄρους, τό | mountain, hill |
| πλήν | (prep.) except (+gen.); (conj.) except that, unless, but |
| τέσσαρες τέσσαρα | four |
| δυνατός –ή –όν | strong, powerful, able |
| οἶκος οἴκου, ὁ | house, home, family |
| ἄριστος ἀρίστη ἄριστον | best, noblest (superl. of ἀγαθός) |
| ῥᾴδιος ῥᾳδία ῥᾴδιον | easy |
| ἀφαιρέω, ἀφαιρήσω, ἀφεῖλον, ἀφῄρηκα, ἀφῄρημαι, ἀφῃρέθην | take from, take away |
| τύχη τύχης, ἡ | luck, fortune (good or bad), fate, chance |
| φανερός –ά –όν | clear, evident |
| πρόσωπον προσώπου, τό | face, mask, person |
| πιστεύω, πιστεύσω, ἐπίστευσα, πεπίστευκα, πεπίστευμαι, ἐπιστεύθην | trust, rely on, believe in (+dat.) |
| διδάσκω, διδάξω, ἐδίδαξα, δεδίδαχα, δεδίδαγμαι, ἐδιδάχθην | teach |
| ἄνω | up, upwards |
| τάσσω, τάξω, ἔταξα, τέταχα, τέταγμαι, ἐτάχθην | arrange, put in order |
| ὀφθαλμός –οῦ, ὁ | eye |
| δέχομαι, δέξομαι, ἐδεξάμην, δέδεγμαι, -εδέχθην | take, accept; welcome, entertain |
| ἀφικνέομαι, ἀφίξομαι, 2 aor. ἀφικόμην, ἀφῖγμαι | come to, arrive at |
| ἱκανός –ή –όν | sufficient, enough; competent, able to (+infin.) |
| ἐργάζομαι, ἐργάσομαι, εἰργασάμην, εἴργασμαι | work, labor |
| μάχη μάχης, ἡ | battle |
| τρέφω, θρέψω, ἔθρεψα, τέθραμμαι, ἐτράφην | nourish, feed, support, maintain; rear, educate |
| ἀδύνατος –ον | impossible; powerless |
| ἀκριβής –ές | exact, accurate, precise |
| που | (enclitic) somewhere; I suppose, perhaps (to qualify an assertion) |
| ὅθεν | from where, whence |
| στόμα στόματος, τό | mouth, face, opening |
| χωρίς | separately, apart; (+gen.) without, separate from |
| κρείσσων κρεῖσσον | stronger, mightier; better, more excellent (comp. of ἀγαθός) |
| βραχύς βραχεῖα βραχύ | brief, short |
| ἰσχυρός –ά –όν | strong |
| ἀλήθεια ἀληθείας, ἡ | truth |
| δίκη δίκης, ἡ | justice, lawsuit, trial, penalty |
| χωρίον χωρίου, τό | place, spot, district |
| ἡδύς ἡδεῖα ἡδύ | sweet, pleasant |
| νόσος νόσου, ἡ | disease, sickness |
| λίθος λίθου, ὁ | stone |
| παλαιός –ά –όν | old, ancient |
| ἀφίημι, ἀφήσω, ἀφῆκα, ἀφεῖκα, ἀφεῖμαι, ἀφείθην | send away, let go; let alone, neglect |
| ἄλλως | otherwise |
| πρᾶξις πράξεως, ἡ | action, transaction, business |
| σαφής σαφές | clear, distinct, plain |
| σοφός –ή –όν | wise, clever, skilled |
| νικάω, νικήσω, ἐνίκησα, νενίκηκα, νενίκημαι, ἐνικήθην | conquer, win |
| ὁμολογέω, ὁμολογήσω, ὡμολόγησα, ὡμολόγηκα, ὡμολόγημαι, ὡμολογήθην | agree with, say the same thing as (+dat.) |
| ναός (νεώς) ναοῦ (νεώ), ὁ | temple |
| αὖ, αὖθις | moreover; on the other hand; back (again) |
| πατρίς πατρίδος, ἡ | fatherland |
| ὀξύς ὀξεῖα ὀξύ | sharp, keen, shrill, pungent |
| καίτοι (καί-τοι) | and indeed, and yet |
| πλέον | more, rather |
| πλέων πλέον | more, larger (comp. of πολύς) |
| γνώμη γνώμης, ἡ | thought, intelligence, opinion, purpose |
| τιμή τιμῆς, ἡ | honor, esteem; price, value; office, magistracy |
| μεταξύ | between (prep. + gen.); in the midst of (adv.) |
| προσήκω προσήξω | belong to, have to do with; be fitting for (+dat.); arrive at; οἱ προσήκοντες relatives; τὰ προσήκoντα duties |
| πρίν | before, until |
| πρίν | before, until |
| ἀδικέω, ἀδικήσω, ἠδίκησα, ἠδίκηκα, ἠδίκημαι, ἠδικήθην | do wrong; injure |
| στρατηγός –οῦ, ὁ | leader of an army, commander, general |
| οὐκέτι | no longer, no more |
| πρέσβυς πρέσβεως, ὁ | old man; (pl.) ambassadors |
| παύω, παύσω, ἔπαυσα, πέπαυκα, πέπαυμαι, ἐπαύθην | stop, put an end to; (mid.) cease |
| τελευτάω, τελευτήσω, ἐτελεύτησα, τετελεύτηκα, τετελεύτημαι, ἐτελευτήθην | finish; die |
| μίγνυμι, μείξω, ἔμειξα, μέμειγμαι, ἐμείχθην | mix, mingle |
| λαός λαοῦ, ὁ | the people, folk |
| θυγάτηρ θυγατρός, ἡ | daughter |
| οἰκία οἰκίας, ἡ | building, house, dwelling |
| παραδίδωμι, παραδώσω, παρέδωκα, παραδέδωκα, παραδέδομαι, παρεδόθην | transmit, hand over, surrender |
| ἔξω | outside; except |
| νῆσος νήσου, ἡ | island |
| ἐκεῖ | there |
| ἐπιστήμη –ης, ἡ | knowledge, understanding, skill |
| ἐάω, ἐάσω, εἴασα | allow, permit (+acc. and infin.); let be, let alone |
| θαυμάζω, θαυμάσομαι, ἐθαύμασα, τεθαύμακα, τεθαύμασμαι, ἐθαυμάσθην | to be in awe (of), be astonished (at) |
| αἰσθάνομαι, αἰσθήσομαι, 2 aor. ᾐσθόμην, ᾔσθημαι | perceive, understand, hear, learn |
| χαίρω, χαιρήσω, κεχάρηκα, κεχάρημαι, ἐχάρην | to be happy, rejoice at (+dat.), take joy in (+ptc.); χαῖρε, (pl.) χαίρετε hello, goodbye |
| χαλεπός –ή –όν | difficult, troublesome |
| τέκνον τέκνου, τό | child |
| καταλαμβάνω, καταλήψομαι, κατέλαβον, κατείληφα, κατείλημμαι, κατελήφθην | seize, catch up with, arrest, compel |
| μάχομαι, μαχοῦμαι, ἐμαχεσάμην, μεμάχημαι | fight (against) (+dat.) |
| μιμνήσκω, -μνήσω, -έμνησα, pf. μέμνημαι, ἐμνήσθην | remind; (in pf. mid.) remember |
| θνῄσκω, 2 aor. -έθανον, τέθνηκα, θανοῦμαι | to die, be dying |
| λύω, λύσω, ἔλυσα, λέλυκα, λέλυμαι, ἐλύθην | loosen, unbind, set free; undo, destroy |
| τιμάω, τιμήσω, ἐτίμησα, τετίμηκα, τετίμημαι, ἐτιμήθην | to honor |
| τεῖχος τείχους, τό | wall |
| ἴσως | equally, probably, perhaps |
| αἴρω, ἀρῶ, ἦρα, ἦρκα, ἦρμαι, ἤρθην | take up, lift up; remove |
| ἀποκτείνω, ἀποκτενῶ, ἀπέκτεινα, ἀπέκτονα | kill |
| στρατιώτης –ου, ὁ | soldier |
| ἄνευ | without (+gen.) |
| πότερος ποτέρα πότερον | which of the two? πότερον whether |
| ἁπλῶς | simply, singly, in one way |
| πίπτω, πεσοῦμαι, ἔπεσον, πέπτωκα | fall, fall down |
| τέταρτος –η –ον | fourth |
| κατασκευάζω, κατασκευάσω, κατεσκεύασα | equip, furnish, make ready |
| ἐχθρός –ά –όν | hated, hateful; hostile to (+dat.) |
| ἀγών ἀγῶνος, ὁ | contest; struggle |
| κωλύω, κωλύσω, ἐκώλυσα, κεκώλυκα, κεκώλυμαι, ἐκωλύθην | hinder, check, prevent (+acc. and infin.) |
| ἁμαρτάνω, ἁμαρτήσομαι, ἡμάρτησα, 2 aor. ἥμαρτον, ἡμάρτηκα, ἡμάρτημαι, ἡμαρτήθην | miss the mark (+gen.); fail, be wrong, make a mistake |
| διαφθείρω, διαφθερῶ, διέφθειρα, διέφθαρκα, διέφθαρμαι, διεφθάρην | destroy; corrupt |
| πως | (enclitic) somehow, in some way, in any way |
| πόνος πόνου, ὁ | work, labor; stress, trouble, pain |
| ἔνθα | there |
| τάξις τάξεως, ἡ | arrangement, order; military unit |
| πειράω (usually mid. πειράομαι), πειράσομαι, ἐπείρασα, πεπείραμαι, ἐπειράθην | attempt, try, make a trial of (+gen.) |
| φοβέω, φοβήσω, ἐφόβησα, πεφόβημαι, ἐφοβήθην | put to flight; (mid. and pass.) flee, fear |
| βάλλω, βαλῶ, 2 aor. ἔβαλον, βέβληκα, βέβλημαι, ἐβλήθην | throw, hurl; throw at, hit (acc.) with (dat.) |
| πονηρός –ά –όν | worthless, bad, wicked |
| ξένος ξένου, ὁ | guest-friend; foreigner, stranger |
| βάρβαρος –ον | non-Greek, foreign; barbarous |
| ὅπου | where, wherever |
| συμφέρω, συνοίσω, 1 aor. συνήνεγκα | benefit, be useful or profitable to (+dat.); (impers.) συμφέρει it is of use, expedient (+infin.); τὸ συμφέρον use, profit, advantage |
| πυνθάνομαι, πεύσομαι, 2 aor. ἐπυθόμην, πέπυσμαι | learn, hear, inquire concerning (+gen.) |
| δοῦλος δούλου, ὁ | slave |
| τέμνω, τεμῶ, 2 aor. ἔτεμον, -τέτμηκα, τέτμημαι, ἐτμήθην | cut, cut down, cut to pieces |
| χρήσιμος χρησίμη χρήσιμον | useful, serviceable |
| ποῖος ποία ποῖον | what sort of? |
| ὅπλον ὅπλου, τό | weapon, tool, implement (mostly pl.) |
| πίστις πίστεως, ἡ | trust in others, faith; that which gives confidence, assurance, pledge, guarantee |
| ὑπολαμβάνω, ὑπολήψομαι, ὑπέλαβον, ὑπείληφα, ὑπείλημμαι, ὑπελήφθην | take up, seize; answer, reply; assume, suppose |
| ποιητής –οῦ, ὁ | creator, poet |
| λανθάνω, λήσω, ἔλαθον, λέληθα | escape the notice of (+acc. and nom. participle), be unknown; (mid. and pass.) forget |
| βελτίων βέλτιον | better (comp. of ἀγαθός) |
| πάντως | altogether, in all ways; at any rate |
| πορεύω, πορεύσω, ἐπόρευσα, πεπόρευμαι, ἐπορεύθην | carry; (mid. and pass) go, walk, march |
| ἀποκρίνω, ἀποκρινῶ, ἀπεκρινάμην, ἀπεκρίθη | separate, set apart, choοse; (mid.) answer, reply |
| πέντε | five |
| κίνδυνος κινδύνου, ὁ | danger |
| κατηγορέω, κατηγορήσω, κατηγόρησα, κατηγόρηκα, κατηγόρημαι, κατηγορήθην | to speak against, to accuse (+gen.) |
| τρέπω, τρέψω, ἔτρεψα, τέτροφα, ἐτράπην | turn, direct towards a thing; put to flight, defeat; (pass.) turn one’s steps in a certain direction, go |
| ὅμως | nevertheless, all the same, notwithstanding |
| ὅμως | nevertheless, all the same, notwithstanding |
| θεῖος θεία θεῖον | divine |
| ἱππεύς ἱππέως, ὁ | horseman, rider, charioteer |
| κτάομαι, κτήσομαι, ἐκτησάμην, κέκτημαι | get, gain, acquire |
| λείπω, λείψω, ἔλιπον, λέλοιπα, λέλειμμαι, ἐλείφθην | leave, abandon |
| βουλή βουλῆς, ἡ | will, determination; counsel, piece of advice; council of elders |
| ἐλπίς ἐλπίδος, ἡ | hope; expectation |
| γραφή γραφῆς, ἡ | a drawing, painting, writing; indictment |
| τίκτω, τέξω or τέξομαι, ἔτεκον, τέτοκα, τέτεγμαι, ἐτέχθην | beget, give birth to, produce |
| κομίζω, κομιῶ, ἐκόμισα, κεκόμικα, κεκόμισμαι, ἐκομίσθην | take care of, provide for |
| θυμός θυμοῦ, ὁ | life, spirit; soul, heart, mind |
| βλέπω, βλέψομαι, ἔβλεψα | see, look (at) |
| φόβος φόβου, ὁ | panic, fear, flight |
| πολιτεία –ας, ἡ | constitution, citizenship, republic |
| στάδιον σταδίου, τό (pl. στάδια and στάδιοι) | stadion or stade, the longest Greek unit of linear measure, about 185 meters |
| φρονέω, φρονήσω, ἐφρόνησα | think, intend to (+infin.); be minded towards (+adv. and dat.) |
| τοιόσδε τοιάδε τοιόνδε | such (as this), of such a sort (as this) |
| ὁρμάω, ὁρμήσω, ὥρμησα, ὥρμηκα, ὥρμημαι, ὡρμήθην | set in motion, urge on; (intrans.) start, hasten on |
| παρασκευάζω, παρασκευάσω, παρεσκεύασα | get ready, prepare, provide |
| λαλέω, λαλήσω, ἐλάλησα, λελάληκα, ἐλαλήθην | talk, chatter, babble |
| δράω, δράσω, ἔδρασα, δέδρακα, δέδραμαι, ἐδράσθην | do, accomplish |
| σκοπέω, σκοπήσω, ἐσκόπησα | look at, watch; look into, consider, examine |
| βοῦς βοός, ὁ/ἡ | bull, ox, cow |
| ἡμέτερος ἡμετέρα ἡμέτρον | our |
| γράμμα γράμματος, τό | letter, written character; (pl.) piece of writing, document(s) |
| ἐρωτάω, ἐρήσομαι, 2 aor. ἠρόμην | ask someone (acc.) something (acc.); question, beg |
| πολεμέω, πολεμήσω, ἐπολέμησα, πεπολέμηκα | make war |
| θύω, θύσω, ἔθυσα, τέθυκα, τέθυμαι, ἐτύθην | sacrifice |
| ἐλαύνω, ἐλῶ, ἤλασα, -ελήλακα, ἐλήλαμαι, ἠλάθην | drive, set in motion |
| δέδοικα, δείσομαι, ἔδεισα | fear |
| σύμμαχος –ον | allied with (+dat.); οἱ σύμμαχοι allies |
| ἡγεμών ἡγεμόνος, ὁ | guide, leader, commander |
| βαρύς βαρεῖα βαρύ | heavy, grievous, tiresome |
| ὧδε | thus, in this way; hither, here |
| αἰσχρός –ά –όν | ugly, shameful, disgraceful |
| εἰρήνη εἰρήνης, ἡ | peace |
| ἁλίσκομαι, ἁλώσομαι, 2 aor. ἑάλων, ἑάλωκα | to be taken, conquered (act. supplied by αἱρέω) |
| δέκα | ten |
| ἀμείνων ἄμεινον | better, abler, stronger, braver (comp. of ἀγαθός) |
| χείρων χεῖρον | worse, inferior (comp. of κακός) |
| βοηθέω, βοηθήσω, ἐβοήθησα, βεβοήθηκα | help, assist (+dat.) |
| λαμπρός –ά –όν | bright, brilliant; well-known, illustrious |
| ἀπαλλάσσω, ἀπαλλάξω, ἀπήλλαξα, ἀπήλλαχα, ἀπήλλαγμαι, ἀπηλλάχθην or ἀπηλλάγην | set free, release, deliver |
| βουλεύω βουλεύσω, ἐβούλευσα, βεβούλευκα, βεβούλευμαι, ἐβουλεύθην | plan (to), decide (to); (mid.) deliberate |
| μάλα | very, very much |
| αἰτέω, αἰτήσω, ᾔτησα, ᾔτηκα, ᾔτημαι, ᾐτήθην | ask (for), beg |
| σωτηρία σωτηρίας, ἡ | safety, deliverance |
| ἆρα | [introduces a question] |
| διώκω, διώξομαι, ἐδίωξα, δεδίωχα, ἐδιώχθην | pursue |
| δαίμων δαίμονος, ὁ/ἡ | spirit, god, demon |
| οὐκοῦν | surely then (inviting assent to an inference) |
| γλῶσσα γλώσσης, ἡ | tongue; language |
| ἑπτά | seven |
| τολμάω, τολμήσω, ἐτόλμησα, τετόλμηκα, τετόλμημαι, ἐτολμήθην | have the courage, dare; undertake, undergo |
| δεσπότης –ου, ὁ | master (of the household); absolute ruler |
| εἰκός εἰκότος, τό | likelihood, probability; εἰκός (ἐστι) it is likely (+infin.) →ἔοικα |
| ἄδικος ἄδικον | unjust |
| εἴκοσι(ν) | twenty |
| μυρίος μυρία μυρίον | countless; μύριοι 10,000; μυριάς -άδος ἡ 10,000, a countless amount |
| αὐτίκα | at once, immediately |
| δέκατος –η –ον | tenth |
| βαίνω, βήσομαι, 2 aor. ἔβην, βέβηκα | walk, come, go |
| περ | [enclitic added to pronouns and other particles for emphasis] |
| ἐλεύθερος ἐλευθέρα ἐλεύθερον | free, independent |
| στρατιά –ᾶς, ἡ | army |
| ἀμφί | about, around |
| συμφορά –ᾶς, ἡ | event, circumstance, misfortune |
| ἑκατόν | hundred |
| νίκη νίκης, ἡ | victory |
| ἔπος ἔπους, τό | word, speech, tale; prophecy |
| στρατός –οῦ, ὁ | army |
| φράζω, φράσω, ἔφρασα, πέφρακα, πέφρασμαι, ἐφράσθην | tell, declare; (mid. and pass.) think (about) |
| ἀργύριον ἀργυρίου, τό | money |
| τριάκοντα | thirty |
| ἕξ | six |
| πεμπτός –ή –όν | fifth |
| μάρτυς μάρτυρος, ὁ/ἡ | witness |
| χαλκοῦς –ῆ –οῦν | of copper or bronze |
| ἕβδομος –η –ον | seventh |
| ποῦ | where |
| ναί | indeed, yes (used in strong affirmation) |
| φῶς φωτός, τό | light, daylight |
| ὀκτώ | eight |
| ἕκτος –η –ον | sixth |
| τριακοστός –ή –όν | thirtieth |
| ἐννέα | nine |
| πότε | when? |
| ὄγδοος –η –ον | eighth |
| ἔνατος –α –ον | ninth |
| εἰκοστός –ή –όν | twentieth |
| ἀγγέλλω, ἀγγελῶ, ἤγγειλα, ἤγγελκα, ἤγγελμαι, ἠγγέλθην | report, tell |
| ἑκατοστός –ή –όν | hundredth |
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