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Soc Cog Exam 2
| Self-Concept | a person's knowledge about themself including traits, identities, and experiences; overall sense of who you are |
| Social Identity Theory | theory that group identities are an important part of self-definition and source of self-esteem |
| Social-Role Theory | gender differences in behavior, personality, and self-definition arise because of long history of role distribution and assumptions that those roles are essential to nature of male and female |
| Self-Schema | integrated beliefs, memories, and generalizations about an attribute that defines the self |
| Working Self-Concept | self aspects currently activated by situational cues and strongly influence thought, feelings, and actions in the moment. |
| Solo Status | a sense that one is unique from those in current environment |
| Reflected Appraisals | what we think other people think about us |
| Appraisals | what other people think about us |
| Looking Glass Self | idea that others reflect back to us like a mirror who we are by how they behave to us |
| Self Comparison Theory | theory that people come to know themselves by comparing themselves to others and consider the differences |
| Upward comparison | comparing with others who are better off than you: can be motivational or make you feel worse |
| Downward Comparison | comparing with others who are worse off than you; can boost you up and make you feel better about yourself |
| Better than average Effect | people's tendency to rank themselves higher than most other people on positive attributes |
| Errors in comparison | overestimate or underestimate your own attributes or others' attributes |
| Self-Enhancement | protecting and promoting oneself and self-worth |
| Self-Coherence | alignment of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors about oneself |
| Cognitive Dissonance Theory | people have such distaste for perceiving inconsistencies in their beliefs attitudes and behavior that they'll bias their own attitudes and beliefs to try to deny inconsistencies |
| 3 ways to reduce dissonance | change the cognition, add a third cognition to make the original two more consistent, trivialize the inconsistent cognitions |
| Self-Esteem | a person's overall evaluation of themselves or sense of self worth |
| Benefits of high self esteem | satisfied with life, less depressed, able to cope with challenges |
| Downsides of high self esteem | feeling of superiority, sensitivity to insults or challenges, aggression, entitlement, narcissism |
| Self-Serving Bias | tendency to perceive oneself favorably in two ways: (1) attributing positive outcomes internally and neg outcomes externally, (2) claim credit for success, blame for failure |
| Self-handicapping | seemingly counterproductive or self-destructive behavior designed to protect positive self beliefs |
| False Uniqueness | tendency to underestimate extent to which others are similar (especially for ability and good behaviors) |
| Social Learning Theory | the capacity to learn from observing others |
| Injunctive Norm | belief about which behaviors are approved of or disapproved of |
| Descriptive Norm | belief about what most people typically do |
| Conformity | a change in social behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure |
| Why we conform | social pressure, voluntary mimicry of behaviors, imagined pressure, assimilating values, acquiring likes/dislikes |
| Sherif Study | putting people in dark room with single light and are asked how much light moves around (it doesn't). The believed amount of movement reported converges at the same point over time |
| Asch's Study | line test; everyone is a confederate except one person and they see if that person will conform with their false answer |
| Foot in the door effect | tendency to be more likely to comply with a moderate request after having initially complied with a smaller request |
| Door in the face effect | tendency to comply with a moderate request after first being presented with and refusing a much larger request |
| Obedience | doing what someone else tells you to do |
| Influences Obedience | emotional distance of victim, closeness and legitimacy of authority, institutional authority, group influence |
| Ethical issue of Milgram Study | the fact that the experimenters wouldn't let the participant leave the experiment when they were reluctant to continue the experiment |
| Persuasion | the ways in which people try to change others' minds by changing their attitudes by a message |
| Elaboration Likelihood Model | a theory of persuasion that proposes that persuasive messages can influence attitudes by 2 diff routes: central or peripheral |
| Central Route | thinking carefully about the info that is central to the true merits of the person, object or position of the argument presented |
| Peripheral Route | not willing or able to think carefully about the argument; shallow thought; relies on heuristics |
| Peripheral Cues | aspects of the communication that are irrelevant to the true merits of the person, object, or position of the message |
| Elements of Persuasion | communicator, content, audience, and channel |
| The Sleeper Effect | ppl can remember a message but forget where it came from; source credibility has a diminishing effect on attitudes over time |
| Primacy Effect | the idea that what we learn early colors how we judge subsequent information |
| Recency Effect | occurs when recently encountered info primarily influences attitudes |
| Social Priming | subtle cues in the environment influence thought, feelings, and behavior, often without awareness |
| Self Motives | internal drives that help start, continue or stop behaviors for reaching a goal |
Created by:
25pollijul