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Com - mod 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epidemiology | study of health and disease in defined populations and how these states are influenced |
| Descriptive epidemiological studies | describes the existing distribution of disease and other variables without regard to other hypotheses. (tells who is affected, where disease occurs, and when it occurs) |
| Analytic epidemiological studies | examine associations or hypothesized casual relationships (asks why the disease occurred) |
| Historical approach | natural history studies, no intervention is involved |
| Descriptive approach | comprehensively describes a condition or situation, no intervention is involved |
| Epidemiological approach | follows a sub-population of people over time; longitudinal study |
| Retroactive approach | retrospectively looks at groups of people from the past; conducted via medical records |
| Experimental approach | most familiar to the lay population; most common study done through double-blind study |
| What are the components of a scientific article | 1. title 2. abstract 3. introduction 4. review of literature 5. materials/methods 6. results 7. discussion 8. conclusion |
| Primary literature | original research, least condensed information, most accurate, least subject to misinterpretation |
| examples of primary literature | legal documents, autobiography, technical reports |
| Secondary literature | summarized version of primary literature |
| example of secondary literature | biography |
| Tertiary literature | most diluted form of information |
| examples of tertiary literature | dictionary, encyclopedia, Merck manual |
| Lay periodical | minimal scientific value |
| What is current in regard to textbooks? | 5 years |
| Sample | a selection of subjects from a population of interest; a subgroup |
| Probability sample | sample chosen with a known probability of including a given subject from the population of interest |
| Simple random sample | a probability sample in which each subject has an equal and independent probability of being selected; a lottery |
| Stratified sample | sample constructed by drawing simple random samples from two or more subgroups |
| Cluster sample | a nonprobability sampling in which the sample is divided into clusters, defined by geography or time, and a simple random sample is drawn from each cluster |
| Systematic | every "nth" person |
| Nonprobability sample | sample chosen in such a way that the probability of selecting a given subject from the population is unknown |
| Quota sample | a nonprobability sampling in which subjects in a block of predetermined size are selected |
| Convenience sample | a nonprobability sampling in which subject selection is based on researcher convenience rather than any subject characteristic |
| Judgment sample | expert selects the sample; risk of bias |
| Abstract | selection of a study report that outlines its context by stating its purpose, results, etc; no more than 250 words |
| Double-blind study | most experimental research in which neither the subjects nor the investigators know who is in control |
| Placebo | independent variable used with a research control group that is not the factor being studied but a non-treatment |
| Pilot study | version of a proposed study that is carried out on a small chosen sample |
Created by:
sarawright