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Psychology
All my psychology terms
| term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Psychology | Study the social influences that explains why same person acts differently in different situations |
| Attribution Theory | We can credit the behavior to the persons stable, enduring traits, or we can attribute it to the situation |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | We overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of situations |
| Self-Serving Bias | A readiness to perceive oneself favorably |
| peripheral Route Persuasion | Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues |
| Central Route Persuasion | Occurs when interesting people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts |
| Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon | They knew that people who agree to a smaller request will find it easier to comply later with a larger one |
| Role | set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave |
| Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory | We act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. |
| Conformity | Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard |
| Normative social influence | influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
| Informative social influence | influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others opinion about reality |
| Social facilitation | improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others |
| Social loafing | the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attending goals vs. when individuality accountable |
| deinvidualization | the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal |
| Group polarization | the enhancement of groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group |
| Groupthink | The mode of thinking that occurs within the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives |
| Culture | The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitude, values, and and transitions shared by a group of people |
| Norms | Unwritten/unspoken roles to show one how to act in a situation |
| Prejudice | Unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members. Often involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and predisposition to discriminatory action |
| Stereotypes | generalized belief about a group of people |
| Discrimination | unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group and its members |
| Ethnocentricism | Assuming the superiority of one's ethnic group |
| Just-world Phenomenon | Idea that we commonly teach our kids that good is rewarded and evil is punished |
| Ingroup | Mentally drawing circle defines "us" |
| Outgroup | People outside the circle are "them" |
| Ingroup bias | Favoring our own group |
| Scapegoat Theory | Theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger providing someone to blame |
| Other-race effect | The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races |
| Hindsight bias | when believe you knew something all along after it had already happened |
| Mere Exposure Effect | Phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking them |
| Altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of other |
| Bystander Effect | The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are presented |
| Social Reciprocity Norm | The expectation that we should return help to those who have help us |
| Social-responsibility Norm | an expectation that people will help those needing their help |
| Conflict | a perceived in compatibility of actions, goal, or ideas |
| Social Traps | Situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self-interest rather than good of the group, becoming caught in mutually destructive behavior |
| Self fulfilling prophecy | a belief that leads to its own fulfillment |
| superordinate goal | shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation |
| Neuron | specialized cells transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell |
| Cell Body | The main structural component of a neuron |
| Dendrite | A short branched extension of a nerve cell |
| Myelin Sheath | Fatty, insulating layer that wraps around nerve |
| Nodes of Ranvier | Gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between Schwann cells |
| Schwann cells | type of glial cells in PNS |
| Axon | transmit nerve impulses or electrical signals away from cell body to other neurons, muscles, or gland via synapse |
| Action potential | when cells membrane potential reaches a threshold, triggered by a stimulus |
Created by:
26pylesb