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topic 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an ecosystem? | all organisms in an area and their abiotic environment |
| What are biotic factors? | living or once-living components |
| What are abiotic factors? | nonliving physical and chemical properties |
| What does the first law of thermodynamics state? | energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| What does the second law of thermodynamics state? | energy transfer increases entropy |
| What is metabolic rate? | total energy used by an animal per time |
| How is metabolic rate measured? | heat loss or oxygen consumption |
| What happens to metabolic rate as body size increases? | decreases per gram of tissue |
| What is an endotherm? | organism using internal energy to maintain temperature |
| What is an ectotherm? | organism using external heat sources |
| What are trophic levels? | groups of organisms based on energy source |
| What are primary producers? | autotrophs that make food from sunlight |
| What are chemoautotrophs? | organisms making food from chemical energy |
| What are heterotrophs? | organisms that consume other organisms |
| What are primary consumers? | herbivores |
| What are secondary consumers? | carnivores that eat herbivores |
| What are tertiary consumers? | carnivores that eat other carnivores |
| What are quaternary consumers? | top predators with no natural enemies |
| What are omnivores? | feed at multiple trophic levels |
| What are decomposers? | bacteria or fungi breaking down dead organic matter |
| What is the main source of energy for ecosystems? | sunlight |
| Can energy be recycled in ecosystems? | no |
| What is a food chain? | sequence of energy transfer through trophic levels |
| What is a food web? | interconnected food chains |
| What happens if energy input changes? | trophic level size and number change |
| What is gross primary production (GPP)? | total energy produced by autotrophs |
| What is net primary production (NPP)? | GPP minus energy used for respiration |
| What is secondary production? | energy converted to biomass by consumers |
| What is energy transfer efficiency between trophic levels? | about 10% |
| What happens to energy as it moves up the trophic levels? | it decreases |
Created by:
aayush123654