What are the four major classes of biomolecules,?

The four major biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

How does the structure of DNA allow it to store genetic information and be accurately replicated during cell division?

DNA’s double-helix structure holds genetic information in the sequence of its nitrogen bases.

How do mitochondria contribute to overall cell function, and why are they often called the “powerhouse” of the cell?

Mitochondria convert nutrients into usable chemical energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Because they supply most of the cell’s ATP — which powers nearly all cellular processes — they are referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell.

What is the purpose of the cell cycle, and how do checkpoints help regulate normal cell growth and prevent uncontrolled division like cancer?

The cell cycle controls how cells grow, duplicate their DNA, and divide to form new cells. Built-in checkpoints monitor conditions and repair errors before the cell progresses.

What are the four main types of tissues in the human body, and what is one basic function of each?

The four tissue types are epithelial (covers and lines surfaces), connective (supports and binds structures), muscle (produces movement), and nervous (transmits signals and controls body functions).

How does the skin act as a protective barrier against environmental threats?

The skin forms a physical barrier of tightly packed cells and keratin that blocks pathogens and chemicals, and it also contains immune cells, oil, and acidic secretions that help prevent microbial growth

What are the two major divisions of the human skeleton, and what does each include?

The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and it protects vital organs. The appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and girdles (shoulders and hips) and is mainly involved in movement.

What is the main difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, giving strength and protection. Spongy bone is lighter, has a porous structure with trabeculae, and contains bone marrow that helps with blood cell production.

What is the role of action potentials in nerve signaling?

Action potentials are rapid electrical impulses that travel along neurons to transmit information from one part of the body to another.

How do ligand-gated ion channels open?

They open when a specific chemical messenger (ligand), such as a neurotransmitter, binds to the channel’s receptor, causing it to change shape and allow ions to pass through.

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Samira Sadat

Anatomy week 1-7

Question	Answer
What are the four major classes of biomolecules,?	The four major biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
How does the structure of DNA allow it to store genetic information and be accurately replicated during cell division?	DNA’s double-helix structure holds genetic information in the sequence of its nitrogen bases.
How do mitochondria contribute to overall cell function, and why are they often called the “powerhouse” of the cell?	Mitochondria convert nutrients into usable chemical energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Because they supply most of the cell’s ATP — which powers nearly all cellular processes — they are referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell.
What is the purpose of the cell cycle, and how do checkpoints help regulate normal cell growth and prevent uncontrolled division like cancer?	The cell cycle controls how cells grow, duplicate their DNA, and divide to form new cells. Built-in checkpoints monitor conditions and repair errors before the cell progresses.
What are the four main types of tissues in the human body, and what is one basic function of each?	The four tissue types are epithelial (covers and lines surfaces), connective (supports and binds structures), muscle (produces movement), and nervous (transmits signals and controls body functions).
How does the skin act as a protective barrier against environmental threats?	The skin forms a physical barrier of tightly packed cells and keratin that blocks pathogens and chemicals, and it also contains immune cells, oil, and acidic secretions that help prevent microbial growth
What are the two major divisions of the human skeleton, and what does each include?	The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and it protects vital organs. The appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and girdles (shoulders and hips) and is mainly involved in movement.
What is the main difference between compact bone and spongy bone?	Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, giving strength and protection. Spongy bone is lighter, has a porous structure with trabeculae, and contains bone marrow that helps with blood cell production.
What is the role of action potentials in nerve signaling?	Action potentials are rapid electrical impulses that travel along neurons to transmit information from one part of the body to another.
How do ligand-gated ion channels open?	They open when a specific chemical messenger (ligand), such as a neurotransmitter, binds to the channel’s receptor, causing it to change shape and allow ions to pass through.

Created by: samira.sadat

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