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Physiology Week 1-6

TermDefinition
Homeostasis The body maintains internal balance (temperature, pH, blood pressure) through feedback mechanisms that detect and correct changes.
Negative Feedback Loops Stabilizing mechanism that reverses deviations—e.g., insulin lowering blood sugar or sweating cooling the body.
Cell Membrane Transport Movement across the plasma membrane via diffusion, osmosis, facilitated transport, and active transport using ATP.
Cellular Respiration Process converting glucose and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water—cells’ primary energy source.
Protein Synthesis DNA provides instructions for mRNA to guide ribosomes in assembling amino acids into specific proteins.
Body Organization & Systems - tissue, cells, Organ systems work interdependently to maintain survival, from cellular to organism level.
Cellular Respiration Mitochondria convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, providing energy for all cellular functions
Tissue Repair Damaged tissues heal through inflammation, regeneration, or fibrosis, depending on tissue type.
Integumentary Regulation Skin helps control temperature through sweat and blood-vessel dilation or constriction.
Bone Remodeling Osteoclasts break down bone and osteoblasts build new tissue, maintaining calcium balance
Muscle Physiology Muscle fibers contract when stimulated; ATP and calcium enable actin-myosin interaction
Joint Movement & Leverage Skeletal muscles act on bones to produce movement; joint type determines motion range.
Calcium Homeostasis The parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption, while calcitonin from the thyroid lowers calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts.
Muscle Energy Metabolism Muscles use ATP from creatine phosphate, glycolysis, and aerobic respiration. Oxygen debt builds during intense exercise and is repaid post-activity.
Synovial Joint Function Synovial fluid lubricates and nourishes joint cartilage, reducing friction and allowing smooth movement while absorbing mechanical shock.
Created by: user-1991598
 

 



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