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Child dev 5-7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cephalocaudal development | When growth proceeds from the head to the lower body while developing growth and motor skills. |
| proximodistal | When growth proceeds from the center of the body and then outwards meaning that a child will first gain control of their trunk and arms before developing fine motor skills in their hands and fingers. |
| nutrition in the U.S. compared to other countries | near the bottom globally for nutrition, sustainability & food waste |
| percentage of children living below poverty level | 41 percent of children including the majority of African American children litan American children and Native American children. |
| Breast milk / breast feeding & medical advantages | it offers protection against illnesses and infections through antibodies, leading to lower risks of ear and respiratory infections, diarrhea, and SIDS. Reduces risk of early breast cancer in mom |
| Breast milk breast feeding disadvantages | include the potential for transmission of infections and certain medications, the risk of complications like mastitis, and the need for a mother to avoid certain drugs and alcohol. Also transmission of HIV. |
| Effect of infant formula was developed in the 1930s | Less women breastfeed as a result |
| Infancy visual preferance | High preference for anything that looks like it has faces. |
| the visual cliff | a laboratory setup created by Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk to test depth perception in humans and animals. |
| Hopi children | were traditionally strapped to a cradleboard, a flat board where the baby was swaddled tightly and secured with straps. Afterwords develop motor development rapidly |
| Apgar score | a quick and simple assessment used to evaluate the health of a newborn baby immediately after birth |
| Bayley scales | an extensive formal developmental assessment tool for diagnosing developmental delays in early childhood |
| correcting pronunciation should you do it and why | You should not it could discourage them from speaking. |
| Genie | Child that was starved abused and neglected who was found by social worker. |
| Schemes | According to Piaget its An action pattern or mental structure that is involved in the acquisition or organization of knowledge. Childs concepts of the world. |
| Assimilation | According to Piaget the incorporation of new events or knowledge into existing schemes. To absorb new events. |
| Accommodation | According to Piaget the modification of existing schemes in order to incorporate new events. To modify new events. |
| Piagets stages of development | 1 simple reflexes, 2 primary circular reactions, 3 secondary circular reactions, 4 coordination of secondary schemes, 5 tertiary circular reactions. |
| Simple reflexes | At birth neonates assimilate objects into reflexive responses. |
| Primary circular reactions | Infants continue to repeat stimulating reactions the first appeared by chance. Focus on own body rather then environment. |
| Secondary circular reactions | Patterns of activity are repeated because of their effect environment. |
| Coordination of secondary schemes | Infants coordinate the behavior to attain specific goals. |
| Tertiary circular reactions | Infants now purposely engage in adaptations of established schemes to new situations. |
| A not B error | Babies of 10 months or younger typically make the perseveration error, meaning they look under box "A" even though they saw the researcher move the toy under box "B", and box "B" is just as easy to reach. |
| what is the focus of Vygotsky’s theory | a child's cognitive development and learning ability can be guided and mediated by their social interactions. |
| why would we test infant intelligence? | help predict performance on cognitive measures at age 30. |
| referential language style | Children use this style language to label objects in their environment. |
| Expressive languages style | Children use this language style to as a way to engage in social interactions. |
| Aphasia | A disruption in the ability to understand or produce language. |
| Brock’s Aphasia | A form of aphasia caused by damage to Broca’s area and characterized by slow laborious speech. |
| Wernickes aphasia | A form of aphasia caused by damage to wernickes area and characterized by impaired comprehension of speech and difficulty in attempting to produce the right word. |
| Overextension | Use of words in situations in which their meanings become extended or inappropriate. |
| Secure attachment | A type of attachment characterized by showing mild distress at care takers leaving and seeking nearness to an attachment figure and being easily smoothed by one. |
| Avoidant attachment | a pattern where individuals steer clear of emotional closeness and tend to minimize the importance of intimate relationships, often as a way to protect themselves emotionally. |
| Ambivalent/resistant attachment | when the child, or eventually an adult, desperately seeks attention but is resistant to relationships. |
| Disorganized disoriented attachment | defined as an attachment classification arising from situations where a child's caregiver exhibits frightening or violent behaviors, leading to confusion and fear in the child during times of need for comfort. |
| Harlows monkeys | the infant rhesus monkeys preferred the cloth mother, although the cloth mother only provided contact comfort, not nourishment. The Harlow monkey experiment was designed to study the effects of maternal deprivation and isolation. |
| Konrad Lorenz’s goslings | Once goslings had hatched they proceeded to follow the first moving object that they saw between 13 & 16 hours after hatching |
| what has been found in the research to be associated with autism? | Low birth weight and age of parents |
Created by:
balperso2022