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Physio Set 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a neuron? | A neuron is a specialized cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system. |
| What is an action potential? | An action potential is a rapid, temporary change in a cell’s membrane potential that allows nerve impulses to travel along neurons. |
| What ion movement initiates an action potential? | The influx of Na⁺ (sodium ions) into the neuron during depolarization. |
| What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron? | Approximately -70 mV, maintained by the sodium-potassium pump and ion channels. |
| What does the sodium-potassium pump do? | It pumps 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in, helping maintain the resting membrane potential. |
| : What is the role of myelin in nerve signaling? | Myelin insulates axons and increases the speed of signal conduction via saltatory conduction. |
| What happens at the synapse during nerve signaling? | Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft to bind receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. |
| What is depolarization? | A decrease in membrane potential (more positive) due to Na⁺ influx, bringing the neuron closer to firing an action potential. |
| What is repolarization? | The process of restoring the negative membrane potential by K⁺ efflux after depolarization. |
| What is the refractory period? | A short time after an action potential when a neuron is unable (absolute) or less likely (relative) to fire another action potential. |
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