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Physiology
Week 1-6 review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is homeostasis and why is it important? | Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It is essential for survival and proper functioning of cells and organs. |
| Which systems primarily regulate homeostasis | The nervous and endocrine systems are primarily responsible for regulating homeostasis through feedback mechanisms. |
| What are the four major types of biomolecules? | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. |
| What is the primary function of enzymes? | Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed. |
| What is the role of the mitochondria in the cell? | Mitochondria are responsible for producing ATP, the cell’s main energy source, through cellular respiration. |
| What is the function of the plasma membrane? | The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell and provides structural support. |
| What are the main phases of the cell cycle? | Interphase (G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). |
| What is mitosis and why is it important? | Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, essential for growth and tissue repair. |
| What are the four basic types of tissues? | Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. |
| What is the primary function of epithelial tissue? | Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities, providing protection and facilitating absorption and secretion. |
| What distinguishes connective tissue from other tissue types? | Connective tissue has a large amount of extracellular matrix and supports, binds, or separates other tissues and organs. |
| What is the function of nervous tissue? | Nervous tissue transmits electrical impulses and processes information in the brain and spinal cord. |
| What are the main layers of the skin? | Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer). |
| What is the role of melanin in the skin? | Melanin provides pigmentation and protects against UV radiation. |
| What are the two types of bone tissue? | Compact bone and spongy (cancellous) bone. |
| What is the function of osteoblasts? | Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that synthesize and secrete the bone matrix. |
| What bones make up the axial skeleton? | Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum). |
| What is the function of the vertebral column? | It protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body. |
| What structures are included in the appendicular skeleton? | The limbs and the girdles (pectoral and pelvic) that attach them to the axial skeleton. |
| What is the function of the pelvic girdle? | It supports the weight of the upper body and protects pelvic organs. |
| What are the three main types of joints? | Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints |
| What is the function of synovial fluid? | Synovial fluid lubricates joints and reduces friction during movement. |
| What is the sliding filament theory? | It explains how muscles contract by actin and myosin filaments sliding past each other. |
| What role does calcium play in muscle contraction? | Calcium binds to troponin, allowing actin and myosin interaction for contraction. |
| What is an action potential? | An action potential is a rapid electrical signal that travels along a neuron. |
| What is the role of neurotransmitters? | Neurotransmitters transmit signals across synapses between neurons or from neurons to muscles. |
Created by:
Janinr1313
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