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Stack #4546943
practicle 22
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what affects Conduction Speed of information to the cerebrum? | myelinated fibers, axons with large diameter,more synapses |
| A receptive field is the size of an area of skin innervated by | a single sensory nueron |
| Minimal distance at which a person can distinguish between one or two points of contact with the skin | two point discrimination test |
| Smaller receptive fields result in | greater sensitivity |
| what is a conscious relay pathway? | touch, proprioception, fine motor movements, vibration, pain, and temp |
| what is a divergant pathway | Single sensory signal can take different neural pathways with different responses |
| unconscious Relay Pathways | Proprioception from muscle spindles, tendon tension and stretch, position info; |
| Gracile Fascicles | Midline tract carrying sensations from the lower body |
| Cuneatus Fascicles | Lateral tract carrying sensations from the upper body |
| what does a homunculus do? | Illustrates the proportions and arrangement of primary sensory (somatosensory) cortex |
| Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs): do what? | Evaluate peripheral nerves and CNS pathways |
| Nerve Conduction Studies (NCSs): do what? | Diagnostic test to evaluate the function of a peripheral nerve; can determine damage to a nerve; measures how fast an electrical impulse moves along a nerve |
| Distal latency: | time required for depolarization to reach distal recording site (msec |
| Amplitude: | strength of signal (uV), indicates the number of axons conducting |
| Ataxia | improper reporting of somatosensory information, balance issues, trouble walking, slurred speach |
| Primary Hyperalgesia: | Increased or excessive response to painful stimulus; above normal pain (nociceptor) often caused by nerve damage |
| Secondary Hyperalgesia: | painful stimulus spreads to adjacent parts beyond the site of injury or where pain stimulus originates |
| allondynia | Pain caused by a stimulus that does not normally cause pain (non-nociceptor) (i.e. light touch causes person to flinch away |
| sensations of tingling, burning, itching, numbness feelings mostly in the arms or legs; not typically painful and can be temporary or chronic | parasthesia |
| absence of pain or inability to feel pain; insensitivity to pain | Analgesia |
| A bundle of axons traveling together in the CNS | tract |
| A bundle of axons traveling together in the PNS | nerve |
| A cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS | nucleus |
| A cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS | ganglion |
| A bundle of nerve fibers/axons | Fascicle |
| Connective tissue layer that surrounds a single nerve fiber | Endoneurium |
| Connective tissue layer that surrounds a fascicle | Perineurium |
| Connective tissue layer that surrounds an entire nerve trunk | Epineurium |
| bells paslsy | relaxation of one side of the face |
| TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA | face pain that comes out of nowheren |
| Ptosis and Diplopia | seeing double of something |
| Hypoglossal | Moves tongue (ipsilateral tongue muscles |
| Vestibulocochlear | Sensation of head position relative to gravity and head movemen |
| Spinal Accessory | Elevates shoulders & turns head |
| Vagus | Motor limb of Gag reflex & Swallowing; Speech production |
| Abducens | moves eyes latterally |
| Trigeminal | blink reflex, chewing |
| Fertilization Single Cell | Cell division Blastocyst formation |
| Ectoderm | spinal cord, brain, peripheral nerves and sensory organs) and epidermis |
| Middle Cell layer: | Mesoderm - Develops into dermis, muscles, skeleton, excretory and circulatory system |
| Endoderm | Differentiates into gut, liver, pancreas, and respiratory system |
| Gastrulation | Formation of trilaminar embryonic disk |
| Notochord | Acellular rod that forms the primary axis skeleton of three layered embryo |
| Neurulation: | Neural tube formation (during week 3 and 4 |
| Neural Crest cells differentiate and develop into | sensory neurons, autonomic neurons, myelin cells and some endocrine organs. |
| Migration of immature neurons to their destinations in embryo | cell migration |
| Process outgrowth and Synaptogenesis | Growth of axons and dendrites. |
| Neurons failed to establish connections die during development. | Neuronal death |
| As the inferior neural tube closes (caudal neuropore), adjacent mesoderm divides into spherical cell clusters called | somites |
| sclerotome | vertebrae and skull |
| (becomes skeletal muscle | myotome |
| dermatome | dermise |
| Marginal layer (Outer wall): | Contains processes of cell bodies present in mantle layer and becomes white matter |
| Mantle layer (Inner wall) | Contains cell bodies and becomes gray matter in fetal stage |
| Association plate/ Alar plate | Gray matter derived from association plate in the mature spinal cord is called the dorsal horn |
| Motor plate/ Basal plate (Ventral section) | Gray matter derived from basal plate in the mature spinal cord is called the ventral horn |
| Cells line the opening or lumen of the neural tube | Ependymal layer |
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