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Executive Branch
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 22nd Amendment | This limits presidents to two terms, and no more than 10 years. |
| Presidential Succession | If the president dies, resigns, or is removed - the VP will fill the position. |
| Presidential Succession Act of 1947 | This declares the order of succession after the Vice President. |
| 25th Amendment | This further clarified Presidential Succession, Vice Presidential Vacancy, and Presidential Inability. |
| Presidential Disability | Congress must be informed in writing by the President, or the Vice President and the majority of the Cabinet if the president is unable to serve. |
| Chief Executive | The role of implementing and enforcing the laws written by Congress. |
| Chief Diplomat | The President is in charge of all international relations, and as such is the nation's chief spokesperson to the world and designer of foreign policy. |
| Commander in Chief | The President is responsible for the safety and security of all American citizens. |
| War Powers Act | This act, passed in 1973, restricts the President's ability to wage "undeclared" wars. |
| Chief of State | This role declares that the President is the ceremonial head of the U.S. government. |
| Chief of Party | This role acknowledged that the President is the leader of their political party. |
| Leader of the Free World | This title was coined during the Cold War and has fallen out of the media since President George HW Bush. |
| Formal Powers | Presidential powers outlined in the U.S. constitution. |
| Informal Powers | These are powers of the president that have been expanded over time, and are not mentioned in the Constitution. |
| Executive Orders | A directive passed by the President that carries the force of a law, but does not need congressional approval. |
| Executive Agreements | These are informal agreements between heads of state, that do not need to be passed by the Senate. |
| Executive Privilege | This allows the President to withhold information from congress, the courts, and the American people. |
| Pardons | Forgives of excuses someone of a crime |
| Repreive | Postpones a convicted person's sentence |
| Commutation | This makes a convicted person's sentence less severe |
| Clemecy | This gives someone mercy or leniency, specifically for death penalty crimes |
| Presidential Veto | The president can kill a bill within ten days, but can be overridden by a 2/3ds vote by Congress. |
| Pocket Veto | This occurs if the president has not acted on a bill within a ten-day time frame, and Congress has adjourned. |
| Line-Item Veto | This is used to approve certain items ina bill, but not the entire bill. |
| Impoundment of Funds | The President must spend money appropriated by Congress, and cannot refuse to spend it. |
| "Balancing the Ticket" | This occurs by choosing a Vice Presidential candidate that represents different qualities from the President. |
| The Executive Office | This includes the White House Office, the immediate staff of the President, is overseen by the White House Chief of Staff, they report directly to the President and do not require Senate approval. |
| Council of Economic Advisers | This group advises the President on the nation's economy. |
| Office of Management and Budget | This group assists the President in the planning of the nation's budget. |
| National Security Council | This group advises the President on the nation's defenses. |
| Bureaucracy | A large, complex administrative structure that handles the everyday business of an organization. |
| Federal Bureaucracy | Part of the executive branch, responsible for carrying out the laws and functions of the U.S. government. |
| Executive Offices of the President | They provide the President with support and services he needs to govern effectively. |
| White House Staff | The day-to-day staff that assist, advise, and work with the President in the White House. |
| Secretary | The title given to the the head of the each Executive Department, excluding the the Department of Justice. |
| The Department of State | The group that carries out foreign policy, handles relations with other countries; supervises ambassadors, ministers, and consuls; represents the U.S. in the United Nations; and issues passports and visas. |
| Diplomatic Immunity | Officials are not subject to the laws of the country they are in, and cannot be arrested and embassies cannot be entered without consent. |
| Department of the Treasury | This group pays the bills for the Federal Government, prints and coins money, and informs the president of financial matters. |
| Internal Revenue Service | This group collects taxes, and enforces tax codes. |
| Customs Service | This group collects taxes on goods brought into the United States. |
| Secret Service | This group was originally created to combat counterfeiting, but now protects the President and other high ranking officials. |
| Department of War/Defense | This group maintains the Armed Forces in the United States,a nd trains and educates military officers. |
| Joint Chiefs of Staff | This is a group of the highest ranking military officers of each branch of the U.S. miliary. |
| Department of the Interior | This group manages the nation's natural resources, parks, and federal lands. |
| Department of Justice | This group is headed by the Attorney General; enforces Federal Laws; represents the Federal Government in lawsuits; is responsible for immigration and naturalization; runs the FBI, and runs the Bureau of Prisons. |
| Department of Agriculture | This group aids in the research, raising, and marketing of crops; and runs the food stamp and school lunch programs of the country. |
| The Department of Commerce | This group provides assistance to American businesses; conducts the national census; issues patents and trademarks; and maintains official weights and measures. |
| Department of Labor | This group enforces laws to protect workers; helps run job training and unemployment programs; and provides statistics on prices and levels of employment. |
| Department of Health and Human Services | This group directs the country's Social Security and Medicare programs, and runs the Food and Drug Administration. |
| Department of Housing and Urban Development | This group helps provide housing for low-income citizens, and assists state and local governments with urban issues and concerns. |
| Department of Transportation | This group helps state and local governments maintain highways; enforces transportation safety standards, and includes the Federal Aviation Administration. |
| Department of Energy | This group conducts research on sources of energy, and promotes the conservation of energy. |
| Department of Education | This group provides assistance to schools, and conducts research and provides statistics on education. |
| Department of Veterans Affairs | This group gives medical, educational, and financial help to veterans; and provides financial help to veteran's families. |
| Department of Homeland Security | This group is tasked with keeping America safe with wide spanning duties from cybersecurity, to border security and protections against domestic terrorism. |
| Independent Executive Agencies | These groups were created outside the departments for narrower purposes. |
| Independent Regulatory Commissions | These groups were largely outside the reach of government control and are responsible for regulating large industries or the economy. |
| Government Corporations | These groups carry out business-like activities, such as selling goods and services, and are government owned. |
| Civil Service | This is the workforce that makes up the departments and agencies of the Federal Government. |
| The Civil Service System | The method by which people are hired for the Federal Government; must be qualified for the job, and pass the Civil Service Exam. |
| The Pendleton Act of 1883 | This act established the Civil Service System to stop the spoils system in Federal Government. |
| Spoils System | This was when the winning political party gave civil service jobs to their supporters. |
| Merit System | This is the system where jobs are given based on experience and qualifications in the Federal Government. |
| Office of Personnel Management | This group was created in 1978, that manages the Civil Service System. |
| Discretionary Authority | This allows the bureaucracy to make policy decisions regarding laws passed by Congress. |
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