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George Gershwins
New York facts and important people
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NYC tavern where George Washington said farewell to his troops | Fraunce’s Tavern |
| Revolutionary War battle that took place on site of MSM | Battle of Harlem Heights |
| American sport invented in NYC | Baseball |
| Architects of Central Park | Frederick Law Olmstead Calvert Vaux |
| Tomb of boy who died near MSM in 1797 | St. Claire Pollack |
| Historic inn near MSM, built 1780, destroyed by fire in 1951 | Claremont Inn |
| Two most prominent immigrant groups by mid-19th century | Germans, Irish |
| 1863 Civil War era anti-draft riot in NYC that devolved into a race riot, worst riot in U. S. history | Draft Riots |
| Late 19th - early 20th century period of increasing wealth in NYC | Gilded Age |
| Financier, White Star Line owner, created first billion- dollar corporation, saved country during banking crisis, founded the Morgan Library. | J. P. Morgan |
| Banked with J. P. Morgan, company headquarters in NYC, founded institutions in NYC: Carnegie Hall, Frick Museum, Rockefeller University | John D. Rockefeller Andrew Carnegie Henry Clay Frick |
| American battleship sunk near Cuba, a cause of Spanish- American war. | USS Maine |
| Late nineteenth century war between the U. S. and Spain over Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. American victory made the U. S. an international power and brought fame to Theodore Roosevelt. | Spanish-American War |
| Late 19th - early 20th century national movement to bring social change. In NYC, move to end Tammany Hall corruption. | Progressive Era |
| Leader of the Women’s Suffrage movement | Carrie Chapman Catt |
| Leader of the Prohibition movement | Ella A. Boole |
| Leader in radical Left movements | Emma Goldman |
| Peoples emigrating en masse to the U. S. in the late 19th century | Russians, Poles, Italians, Greek, Chinese, Jews |
| Federal immigration center near the Statue of Liberty, oversaw the entry of 12 million immigrants | Ellis Island |
| Area of Russia (now Ukraine and Poland) where Russian Jews were required to live | Pale Settlement |
| African Americans leaving the rural south for the urban north, especially NYC, to find jobs in industry | Great Migration |
| The first African American enclave in NYC | Seneca Village |
| Early, iconic skyscrapers of the 1900’s decade. | Flatiron Building, Park Row Building |
| Having defined ragtime with his best-selling piano rags such as Maple Leaf Rag, Scott Joplin moved to NYC in 1907 to promote (unsuccessfully) his opera Treemonisha | Scott Joplin |
| Composer Charles Ives served as an organist in NYC before becoming involved in the insurance business. After that he composed his many works on the side, most of which were not performed until his work became known (and in modernist circles, renowned) | Charles Ives |
| English husband and wife dance team centered in New York City who became an international sensation popularizing ragtime dance, and setting the standard for ballroom dancing both in Europe and America. In NYC they formed partnerships with James Reese | Vernon and Irene Castle |
| rish immigrant Victor Herbert moved to New York in 1886, where he established a career as a composer and conductor, becoming known especially for his operettas on the European model, such as Babes in Toyland (1903). In 1924 a work of his was premiered | Victor Herbert |
| Famous operatic tenor who made his professional home at the Metropolitan Opera in NYC. Morris Gershwin had many Caruso records in the Gershwin household | Enrico Caruso |
| Major figures in Hollywood film history who got their start in New York City’s early film scene. | Carl Laemmle, Adolph Zukor, Samuel Goldwyn, Cecil B. DeMille |
| Prominent women writers connected to NYC in the early 20th century. Their styles contrasted with the 19th century New England writers | Edna St. Vincent Millay, Willa Cather, Gertrude Stein |
| Code word for women’s fashions at the turn of the 20th century, featuring attire more appropriate for women in the workforce. | “Gibson Girl” |
| Change in women’s fashion in the early 1900’s | “S-Curve” style |
| Supplanted the formal tailcoat in men’s fashion | Tuxedo and dinner jacket |
| NYC gangster who became an unlikely war hero in World War I. The last of the old-time gangsters, who were associated with Manhattan neighborhoods | Monk Eastman |
| Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx, and Staten Island become Greater New York (1898) | Consolidation of New York |
| Resort area in Brooklyn including Luna Park, the Gershwins lived on Coney Island in 1914 | Coney Island |
| Inventor of the hot dog, first served on Coney Island | Chalers Feltman |
| Anarchist assassin of President McKinley (1901), executed for his crime. Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first NYC- born president as a result. | Leon Czolgosz |
| Area in Manhattan where many different immigrant groups settled at the turn of the 20th century. The Gershwins lived there for many years; neighborhood where George and Ira grew up for the most part. | Lower East Side |
| Like the Gershwins, all these later entertainment stars grew up in the immigrant neighborhoods of the Lower East Side. | Eddie Cantor, Irving Berlin, Al Jolson, Jimmy Durante, Marx Brothers |
| Private company that opened the first subway lines in Manhattan, with stops in Brooklyn and the Bronx (1904) | Interborough Rapid Transit Company |
| Left-wing political ideologies that became prominent in the Lower East Side neighborhoods in the early 20th century | Anarchism, socialism, communism |
| Excursion vessel that caught fire on the East River. The disaster cost over 1000 deaths and decimated the German- American population of NYC. Name of composition by Charles Ives | General Slocum (1904) |
| Prominent Austrian-Jewish composer-conductor from Vienna who conducted the Metropolitan Opera and New York Philharmonic from 1907-1911. Represented the prominence of German patronage and influence in the classical music scene of NYC. | Gustav Mahler |
| Murder of prominent architect Stanford White by Harry Thaw, husband of Evelyn Nesbit, actress and dancer who had been victim of the grooming predations of White and his cohorts in the Union Club. | 1906 “Trial of the Century” |
| One of the first endowed music schools in the U.S. Founded by Frank Damrosch, it eventually moved to 120 Claremont Avenue. Though all the faculty were European, only American students were admitted. | Institute of Musical Art |
| 1911 NYC disaster that led to nationwide revisions to safety regulations for factory workers. More than 140 female workers died. | Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire |
| When the Titanic sank in April of 1912, the survivors arrived at Pier 54 on board the RMS Carpathia, many later taken to St. Vincent Hospital | Pier 54 ( |
| New York Stock Exchange closes for 42 months; New Yorkers split over their attitude to the war; strong anti- German feeling emerges. | Advent of World War I |
| First “super-model;” her image and form can be found in numerous locations across NYC. Caught-up in a murder scandal in which a doctor who had become infatuated withher murdered his wife. In later years, Audrey was committed to an asylum, were she died | Audrey Munson |
| The last voyage of the ship Lusitania began at Pier 54 where the doomed ship picked up its last passengers before being torpedoed six days later by a German U-boat, an incident that led to American involvement in World War I. Jerome Kern escaped the d | Pier 54 (2 |
| German saboteurs blew up munitions in Jersey City, NJ which were destined to help the Allied cause in World War I; the Statue of Liberty and many buildings in Manhattan and Brooklyn were damaged (1916). | Black Tom Island explosion |
| Worst worldwide pandemic in history caused countless deaths in NYC after entering New York harbor via infected people aboard ships | The Great Influenza (1917- 1918 |
| 1918 East 104th and 105th Street | MSM Founded |
| Premiere of controversial film by D. W. Griffth about the Civil War that extolled the Ku Klux Klan is met by boos from NYC audiences. | The Birth of a Nation (1915 |
| Famed Russian composer, pianist, and conductor who moved to New York in 1918 to escape the Russian Revolution. Admired the Harlem stride pianists; Piano Concerto No. 4 shows signs of jazz influence. | Sergei Rachmaninoff |
| Actors, comedians, writers, dancers, and musicians who took part in the U. S. effort in World War I, and who would become major figures in their fields in the 1920’s and beyond. General John J. Pershing led the American Expeditionary force. Vernon Cas | Spencer Tracy, Humphrey Bogart, Buster Keaton, Ernest Hemingway, Irving Berlin, James Reese Europe, Vernon Castle. |
| Song writer, lyricist, playwright, producer, dancer, singer, actor, “the man who owned Broadway,” Cohan challenged the British and Central European operetta dominance on Broadway by writing shows on idealized American themes. Breakthrough show: Little | George M. Cohan |
| Poor Russian-American immigrant kid from the Lower East Side who became the most successful Tin Pan Alley, Broadway, and musical film song writer of the era, from his ragtime beginnings on through the 1920’s and into the post- World War II fifties. No | Irving Berlin |
| Born of Jewish parents in New York City, Jerome Kern, more than any other Broadway composer of his time, set the model for the American musical. Inspired by London experiments in music theater that combined operetta, music comedy and dance, Kern perfe | Jerome Kern |
| Established the Clef Club orchestra, which made history as giving the first concert of an all-African American group at Carnegie Hall. Partnership with Vernon and Irene Castle brought him to national attention. During World War I he led his regimental | James Reese Europe |
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MaxJurisic
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