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CJ 415 Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Domestic Crime | takes place where victim and offender live |
| Transnational Crime | taking people across borders to commit crimes |
| International Crime | offender cross border to commit crimes |
| Human Trafficking | Using fraud, force, or deception with the aim of exploiting people |
| Terrorism | force or threat of force against people to get the government to respond. ideology |
| Cybercrime | use of computer/internet to commit crimes |
| ethnocentrism | Only viewing crime in one way, limiting research and possibilities |
| Substantive Law | exact requirement for something to be illegal or a crime |
| Procedural Law | laws about how the system works, largely based on the constitutions |
| Politcality | laws made by the government |
| Specificty | must be exact/technical in wording |
| Shar'ia | moral framework in Islamic law/path to follow |
| Li | moral and social rules, maintains order in society |
| Fa | formal laws and sanctions- based on belief humans are teachable |
| ijima | basically the jury |
| qiyas | reasoned judgement |
| hadith | statement of what he said and did |
| hadud | crimes against God in Islamic Law |
| qisas | crimes against people |
| Judicial Review | reviewing the action of a government to see if what they did was done correctly |
| Legal flexibility | adapt to change and be able to adjust to each case individually |
| Crime Control | speed over accuracy, harsh punishments, okay with unfair process |
| Due process | focuses on individual rights and slower more accurate process, more safeguards to prevent wrongful convictions |
| Interpol | -facilitates cooperation, intelligence sharing -training, resources no arrest powers |
| Stats between countries | -Definitions may differ Hierarchy principle or not -How do they count crimes -reported, confirmed, arrest made, conviction -Statistics manipulated to look good -Unreported crimes not counted -failure to officially record |
| Common Tradtition | Feudal Practices -after Romаn оссиратon -lords & vassals -lords deade disputes William the Congueror -kept system of local resslution -added royal courts |
| Common Law | -laws developed by Roman Catholic Church rights obligations of followers papal decree- stuff the pope says conflict with secular courts (440-604) more flexible than Roman law |
| Islamic Law | same God as Jewish & Christian traditions -follow teachings of prophet Muhammed (570-632) -Supposed to provide guidance for every aspect of a persons life |
| Islamic Law History | 9th Century -jurist proposed compromise betuen litral intarpretation + using judgement - cases not answered by the Qur'an to be solved by a consensus of jurists through a process of reasoning by analogy |
| Hybrid Traditions | Combine elements of multiple traditions with local custom Confucisnism -5th Century BC philosopher -in flmential in China, Japan, Korea -moral tethical system -emphasizes-s collectiv.sm, hierarchy, harmony, informal socia |
| adversarial process | state and accused in trial - who is most correct - judge is ref - power shared equally -defendant not required to cooperate |
| Inquisitorial process | civil law countries - judge is investigator - defendant is expected to cooperate |
| Islamic Court Process | aspects of both - Qur'an & Sunna specify offenses and punishments - judge does the questioning - defendant may confront witnesses and doesn't self-incriminate -3 types of evidence |
| Centralized Policing | one national force - single nationwide set of laws - single command structure |
| Decentralized | authority is among different levels and units - similar to USA |
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