What is the main function of ligand-gated ion channels in the nervous system?

They allow ions to pass through the cell membrane in response to the binding of a specific chemical messenger (ligand), such as a neurotransmitter.

How are ligand-gated ion channels different from voltage-gated ion channels?

Ligand-gated channels open when a chemical ligand binds to them, while voltage-gated channels open in response to changes in membrane potential.

What types of ions commonly pass through ligand-gated ion channels?

Sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), or chloride (Cl⁻), depending on the specific type of channel.

How does ATP play a role in the interaction between actin and myosin?

ATP binds to myosin, causing it to release from actin; when ATP is broken down, the energy allows the myosin head to reset and attach to a new actin site for another contraction cycle.

What happens to actin and myosin during muscle relaxation?

Calcium ions return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, causing tropomyosin to block the binding sites on actin so myosin can no longer attach, leading to muscle relaxation.

How does the skeletal system help maintain homeostasis in the body?

It helps regulate calcium levels in the blood, produces new blood cells, and provides structural support to keep the body balanced and stable.

What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?

The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, and rib cage, while the appendicular skeleton includes the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle.

Why is bone remodeling important throughout a person’s life?

It allows bones to repair themselves, adapt to stress, and maintain proper strength and mineral balance.

How does the skin help regulate body temperature?

Through sweating and blood vessel dilation to release heat, or constriction to conserve warmth.

How does the skin act as the first line of defense in the immune system?

It forms a physical barrier that blocks pathogens, and its surface oils and sweat create an environment that helps prevent bacterial growth.

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Question	Answer
What is the main function of ligand-gated ion channels in the nervous system?	They allow ions to pass through the cell membrane in response to the binding of a specific chemical messenger (ligand), such as a neurotransmitter.
How are ligand-gated ion channels different from voltage-gated ion channels?	Ligand-gated channels open when a chemical ligand binds to them, while voltage-gated channels open in response to changes in membrane potential.
What types of ions commonly pass through ligand-gated ion channels?	Sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), or chloride (Cl⁻), depending on the specific type of channel.
How does ATP play a role in the interaction between actin and myosin?	ATP binds to myosin, causing it to release from actin; when ATP is broken down, the energy allows the myosin head to reset and attach to a new actin site for another contraction cycle.
What happens to actin and myosin during muscle relaxation?	Calcium ions return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, causing tropomyosin to block the binding sites on actin so myosin can no longer attach, leading to muscle relaxation.
How does the skeletal system help maintain homeostasis in the body?	It helps regulate calcium levels in the blood, produces new blood cells, and provides structural support to keep the body balanced and stable.
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?	The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, and rib cage, while the appendicular skeleton includes the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle.
Why is bone remodeling important throughout a person’s life?	It allows bones to repair themselves, adapt to stress, and maintain proper strength and mineral balance.
How does the skin help regulate body temperature?	Through sweating and blood vessel dilation to release heat, or constriction to conserve warmth.
How does the skin act as the first line of defense in the immune system?	It forms a physical barrier that blocks pathogens, and its surface oils and sweat create an environment that helps prevent bacterial growth.

Created by: melwah

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