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Unit 7
MICRO EXAM 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the initial target of RNA polymerase? | The promoter |
| RNA polymerase is guided by the | template strand of DNA. |
| RNA that has hydrogen bonded to itself forms a | stem loop. |
| How would one increase the concentration of a particular polypeptide in a cell? | Increase the level of transcription |
| During elongation, how is the RNA synthesized? | 5’ to 3’ |
| During the initiation step of translation, the fMet charged tRNA assembles in which site of the ribosome? | P site |
| How does the ribosome know if the entering charged tRNA is correct? | The anticodon on the tRNA base pairs to the codon on the mRNA. |
| Where would one find an uncharged tRNA molecule in a ribosome? | In the P and E sites |
| What kind of bond is formed when two amino acids join together? | A peptide bond |
| How is translation terminated? | When a protein called a release factor enters and binds to the A site |
| What characteristic of DNA allows two connected DNA polymerases to synthesize both the leading and lagging strands? | DNA is flexible. |
| What is the function of the connector proteins? | They link the leading strand DNA polymerase and the lagging strand DNA polymerase together. |
| Which DNA strand is synthesized continuously? | Leading strand |
| Which of the following are terms associated with Okazaki fragments? | Lagging strand, DNA ligase, and discontinuous |
| Why is the DNA synthesis of the lagging strand considered discontinuous? | The synthesis is moving in the opposite direction from the replication fork. |
| Each adenine-thymine base pair has ________ hydrogen bonds, while each guanine-cytosine base pair has ________ hydrogen bond(s). | two / three |
| In ________ several ribosomes can simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule in a complex called a(n) ________. | prokaryotes / polysome |
| AT-rich DNA will denature/melt | at a lower temperature than GC-rich DNA. |
| Match the bacterial genetic element with the correct characteristic. | plasmid -- nonessential genes |
| Plasmids function in bacterial cells to __________. | confer to a cell additional genetic traits that are needed only under certain circumstances |
| Which enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds during replication? | DNA helicase |
| How do stabilizing proteins work on the DNA? | They bind to the single-stranded DNA. |
| In which direction does the replication fork move? | It moves ahead of the newly synthesized DNA. |
| What ensures that the single strands of DNA do not come back together? | Stabilizing proteins |
| In DNA replication there are leading and lagging strands, because | DNA replication is semiconservative and each strand is copied simultaneously in opposite directions. |
| Proofreading of newly-synthesized DNA is important because __________. | a high fidelity in the copying of DNA is necessary for good heredity |
| Inverted repeats are common features of transcription termination sequences in all three domains of life. | True |
| Which statement is the correct definition of polycistronic mRNA? | a single piece of mRNA that contains the transcript for multiple genes. |
| An operon is a useful genetic element, because it | allows coordinated expression of multiple related genes in prokaryotes. |
| Polycistronic transcription units are common in | both Archaea and Bacteria. |
| Termination of RNA synthesis is ultimately determined by | specific nucleotide sequences on the template strand. |
| Many pharmaceutical drugs specifically inhibit transcription in Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya. Why would drugs that inhibit transcription only affect Bacteria and not Archaea even though they are both prokaryotes? | Archaea and Eukarya have very similar RNA polymerases that are different than bacterial RNA polymerases. |
| The codon on the ________ matches with the anticodon on the ________ to direct the addition of the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain. | mRNA / tRNA |
| Explain why chaperonins are critical to a cell's survival. | Chaperonins aid in the correct folding of proteins, as well as refolding partially denatured proteins. |
| Which of the following events occurs during transcription? | A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. |
| Which of the following is a correct statement about mRNA? | mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing. |
| The site of translation is | ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm. |
| Which one of the following does not play a role in translation? | DNA |
| Which of the following does not occur during RNA processing? | mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome. |
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