What are the four basic tissue types in the human body?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

What is homeostasis and why is it important in nursing care?

Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment. It’s vital in nursing to monitor and restore imbalances (ex: in temperature, pH, electrolytes).

What organelle is the "powerhouse" of the cell and why?

The mitochondrion, because it produces ATP through cellular respiration.

What are the three planes of the body used in medical imaging?

Sagittal (left/right), frontal/coronal (front/back), and transverse (top/bottom).

What are the major functions of the skeletal system?

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage (especially calcium), and blood cell formation (hematopoiesis).

How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ?

Sympathetic = "fight or flight"; increases heart rate, dilates pupils. Parasympathetic = "rest and digest"; slows heart rate, stimulates digestion.

What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?

To filter blood, remove waste, and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance.

Which hormone regulates blood glucose by lowering it, and where is it produced?

Insulin, produced by beta cells in the pancreas.

What is the function of alveoli in the respiratory system?

Gas exchange — oxygen enters the blood, carbon dioxide is expelled.

What are the three layers of the heart wall, and which is responsible for contraction?

Epicardium, myocardium (contracts), and endocardium.

What is the primary function of the large intestine in digestion?

Absorption of water and electrolytes; formation and storage of feces.

What is the significance of the SA node in the heart?

It's the natural pacemaker that initiates the electrical impulse for heart contraction.

What immune cells are involved in antibody production, and where are they derived?

B lymphocytes (B cells), derived from bone marrow.

What is the All-or-None Principle in relation to nerve impulse transmission?

Once a neuron reaches its threshold potential, it fires an action potential completely; if threshold is not reached, no action potential occurs — there's no partial response.

What is the function of the myelin sheath, and which cells produce it?

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Kristoffer McCoy

Human Physiology: Weeks 1-6

Question	Answer
What are the four basic tissue types in the human body?	Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
What is homeostasis and why is it important in nursing care?	Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment. It’s vital in nursing to monitor and restore imbalances (ex: in temperature, pH, electrolytes).
What organelle is the "powerhouse" of the cell and why?	The mitochondrion, because it produces ATP through cellular respiration.
What are the three planes of the body used in medical imaging?	Sagittal (left/right), frontal/coronal (front/back), and transverse (top/bottom).
What are the major functions of the skeletal system?	Support, protection, movement, mineral storage (especially calcium), and blood cell formation (hematopoiesis).
How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ?	Sympathetic = "fight or flight"; increases heart rate, dilates pupils. Parasympathetic = "rest and digest"; slows heart rate, stimulates digestion.
What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?	To filter blood, remove waste, and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance.
Which hormone regulates blood glucose by lowering it, and where is it produced?	Insulin, produced by beta cells in the pancreas.
What is the function of alveoli in the respiratory system?	Gas exchange — oxygen enters the blood, carbon dioxide is expelled.
What are the three layers of the heart wall, and which is responsible for contraction?	Epicardium, myocardium (contracts), and endocardium.
Which type of blood vessel is responsible for nutrient and gas exchange?	Capillaries.
What is the primary function of the large intestine in digestion?	Absorption of water and electrolytes; formation and storage of feces.
Which part of the brain regulates vital functions like breathing and heart rate?	The medulla oblongata.
What is the significance of the SA node in the heart?	It's the natural pacemaker that initiates the electrical impulse for heart contraction.
What immune cells are involved in antibody production, and where are they derived?	B lymphocytes (B cells), derived from bone marrow.
What is the All-or-None Principle in relation to nerve impulse transmission?	Once a neuron reaches its threshold potential, it fires an action potential completely; if threshold is not reached, no action potential occurs — there's no partial response.
What is the function of the myelin sheath, and which cells produce it?	What is the function of the myelin sheath, and which cells produce it?

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