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pedia - SLE

med22

QuestionAnswer
What is the definition of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)? An autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation, leading to multi-system inflammation and organ damage. It is often called The Disease with a Thousand Faces.
What is the typical age range and sex distribution for SLE diagnosis? Most common in young women (female to male ratio of 9 to 1) and most frequently diagnosed in the teenage years to young adulthood.
What is the minimum number of ACR criteria required for the classification of SLE? 4 out of 11 criteria.
ACR Criterion 1: Malar Rash Fixed erythema over the malar eminences, flat or raised, typically sparing the nasolabial folds.
ACR Criterion 2: Discoid Rash Erythematous raised patches with adherent keratotic scaling and follicular plugging, which can lead to atrophic scarring.
ACR Criterion 3: Photosensitivity Skin rash resulting from an unusual reaction to sunlight, either by patient history or observed by a physician.
ACR Criterion 4: Oral Ulcers Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers, which are typically painless.
ACR Criterion 5: Arthritis Non-erosive arthritis involving two or more peripheral joints (manifested by swelling or effusion).
ACR Criterion 6: Serositis Pleuritis (pleural rub or effusion) OR Pericarditis (ECG, rub, or effusion, or evidence of pericardial effusion).
ACR Criterion 7: Renal Disorder (The two qualifying findings) Persistent proteinuria greater than 0.5 g/day OR the presence of cellular casts (red cell, hemoglobin, granular, tubular, or mixed).
ACR Criterion 8: Neurologic Disorder (The two qualifying findings) Unexplained Seizures OR Psychosis (after excluding other causes like drugs or metabolic issues).
ACR Criterion 9: Hematologic Disorder (List two key qualifying findings) Hemolytic anemia with reticulocytosis OR Leukopenia less than 4,000/mm3 OR Lymphopenia less than 1,500/mm3 OR Thrombocytopenia less than 100,000/mm3.
ACR Criterion 10: Immunologic Disorder (List the three primary antibody findings) Anti-dsDNA antibody OR Anti-Sm antibody OR a positive Antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) test.
ACR Criterion 11: Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Positive ANA titer (in the absence of drugs known to induce a lupus-like syndrome).
What is the most common and often earliest sign of Lupus Nephritis? Proteinuria.
What specific type of neuropsychiatric symptom can be seen in SLE, potentially affecting school performance? Cognitive impairment (e.g., difficulty with memory or concentration).
What two complement factors are typically low during an active flare of SLE? C3 and C4.
What is the significance of a positive Anti-dsDNA antibody test? It is highly specific for SLE and is often associated with active Lupus Nephritis.
What are the two first-line medications for the initial therapy of most SLE patients? Hydroxychloroquine and Corticosteroids (Prednisone).
What is the main long-term benefit and primary role of Hydroxychloroquine in SLE management? To reduce flares, prevent long-term organ damage, and prolong survival.
What is the main treatment for severe organ-threatening disease (e.g., severe Lupus Nephritis)? Immunosuppressive agents like Azathioprine or Cyclophosphamide (for induction/maintenance therapy).
What complication of SLE is highly associated with long-term corticosteroid use? Avascular Necrosis (especially of the femoral head).
What two non-pharmacological measures are essential for all SLE patients? Sun avoidance and use of broad-spectrum sunscreen.
What type of vaccines should be avoided in immunosuppressed SLE patients? Live vaccines (e.g., MMR, Varicella, Rotavirus).
What is the most frequent musculoskeletal manifestation in SLE? Arthritis (non-erosive and symmetrical), often involving the hands, wrists, and knees.
Created by: MeanHeem
 

 



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