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pedia - URTI + LRTI

med22

QuestionAnswer
How are Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) classified? Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) or Lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs).
What does the upper respiratory tract include? From the nostrils to the vocal cords in the larynx, including the paranasal sinuses and the middle ear.
What does the lower respiratory tract include? The continuation of the airways from the trachea and bronchi to the bronchioles and the alveoli.
What is the definition of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)? Infections affecting the nose, pharynx, and larynx.
What is the definition of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI)? Infections affecting the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs, and are generally more severe than URTI.
List five common types of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI). Common Cold, Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Sinusitis, and Laryngitis.
What is the treatment for the Common Cold? Supportive care, hydration, and antipyretics.
What is the treatment for Pharyngitis? Symptomatic care, and antibiotics if the cause is bacterial (Group A Streptococcus - GAS).
What is the clinical presentation of Sinusitis? Nasal congestion and facial pain.
What is the clinical presentation of Laryngitis? Hoarseness and a barky cough.
What percentage of children experience at least one ear infection before starting school? 75% of children.
What is Acute Otitis Media (AOM)? Infection of the middle ear with acute onset, along with effusion and signs of Middle Ear (ME) inflammation (e.g., otalgia, distinct erythema or bulging of the Tympanic Membrane).
What is Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media? A perforated Tympanic Membrane (TM) with chronic ear discharge lasting greater than or equal to 3 months.
List the three most common bacteria causing Acute Otitis Media (AOM). Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
List four risk factors for Acute Otitis Media (AOM). Young age, frequent contact with other children, orofacial abnormalities (cleft palate, T21), or exposure to cigarette smoke.
List four common types of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI). Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonia, and Pertussis.
What is the treatment for Acute Bronchitis? Supportive care, and bronchodilators if needed.
What is the clinical presentation of Bronchiolitis? Cough, wheezing, and respiratory distress.
What is the treatment for Bronchiolitis? Supportive care, and oxygen therapy if needed.
What is the definition of Pneumonia? Inflammation of the lung parenchyma.
What is the major viral pathogen causing pneumonia in infants and children less than 5 years old? Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).
What is the most common cause of pneumonia that presents with a focal infiltrate in children of all ages? Streptococcus pneumoniae.
What is the most consistent clinical manifestation of Viral Pneumonia? Tachypnea, usually following several days of URTI symptoms and low-grade fever.
What is the clinical presentation of Pertussis (Whooping Cough)? Paroxysmal cough, whooping, and vomiting.
What is the key clinical pearl regarding LRTI? LRTI is more serious than URTI and can cause hospitalization, so early recognition is crucial.
Created by: MeanHeem
 

 



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