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pedia - nephri + o

med22

QuestionAnswer
What is the definition of Proteinuria in a 24-hour urine collection? A 24-hour urine protein excretion of more than 4 mg/m2/hr.
What is the definition of Proteinuria using a random spot urine sample in a child older than 2 years? A Urine Protein to Creatinine (UPr/Cr) ratio of more than 0.2.
What is the UPr/Cr ratio that indicates proteinuria for children between 6 and 24 months of age? More than 0.5.
List the three classifications of Proteinuria. Transient proteinuria, Orthostatic proteinuria, and Persistent proteinuria.
What is the typical cause of Transient Proteinuria? Occurs with fever, exercise, stress, or cold exposure.
What is the diagnostic pattern for Orthostatic Proteinuria (Adolescent onset)? Normal protein excretion in a first-morning urine sample (supine), but increased protein excretion after the child has been upright.
List the three main clinical categories of Persistent Proteinuria. Glomerular, Tubular, and Overflow.
What are the four components of the classic presentation Tetrad of Nephrotic Syndrome? 1. Massive Proteinuria, 2. Hypoalbuminemia, 3. Edema, and 4. Hyperlipidemia.
What defines Massive Proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome? Urine protein excretion of greater than 40 mg/m2/hr OR a UPr/Cr ratio of greater than 2.0.
What defines Hypoalbuminemia in Nephrotic Syndrome? Serum albumin less than 2.5 g/dL.
What are the three most common complications of Nephrotic Syndrome? Infection (e.g., spontaneous bacterial peritonitis), thromboembolism, and acute kidney injury (AKI).
What is the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in children (80% of cases)? Minimal Change Disease (MCD).
What is the peak age of onset for Minimal Change Disease (MCD)? 2 to 6 years.
What is the initial treatment for Minimal Change Disease (MCD)? Oral Prednisone (Corticosteroids).
A patient whose Nephrotic Syndrome symptoms remit after 4 weeks of steroid therapy is considered what? A Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome (SSNS) case.
A patient who fails to achieve remission after 8 weeks of steroid therapy is considered what? A Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (SRNS) case.
List the three main features of the Nephritic Syndrome triad (besides Azotemia/AKI)? 1. Hematuria (often gross hematuria), 2. Hypertension, and 3. Edema.
What type of proteinuria is typically seen in Nephritic Syndrome (as opposed to Nephrotic)? Non-nephrotic range proteinuria (UPr/Cr less than 2.0).
What is the most common glomerulonephritis in children worldwide? Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN).
What is the typical age range for the onset of Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN)? 5 to 12 years old.
What are the two common antecedent infections that precede PSGN? Pharyngitis (1-2 weeks prior) or a skin infection (3-6 weeks prior).
What lab finding is highly suggestive of PSGN following a pharyngeal infection? Elevated Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) titer.
What lab finding is characteristic of the complement system during the acute phase of PSGN? Low C3 complement level.
What is the clinical course for the majority of children with PSGN? Spontaneous improvement begins within 1 week, though microscopic hematuria may persist for 1-2 years.
List three other causes of Nephritic Syndrome besides PSGN. IgA nephropathy, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) nephritis, or SLE nephritis.
What is the key difference in the primary clinical manifestation between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome? Nephrotic Syndrome is dominated by massive proteinuria and edema, while Nephritic Syndrome is dominated by hematuria and hypertension.
What is the management principle for treating the edema in Nephrotic Syndrome? Dietary sodium restriction and diuretics (e.g., Furosemide).
What is the management principle for treating the hypertension in Nephritic Syndrome? Antihypertensive medications (e.g., Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors) and salt restriction.
Created by: MeanHeem
 

 



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