Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
pedia - neonatal sep
med22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of Neonatal Sepsis? | Systemic bacterial infection of newborns occurring in the first 28 days of life. |
| How is Neonatal Sepsis categorized based on the timing of onset? | Early-onset sepsis (birth to 7 days) and Late-onset sepsis (8 to 28 days). |
| List the three general routes of infection for neonatal sepsis. | Ascending infections, Trans-placentally, and Acquired from the environment (community or healthcare system). |
| What two factors contribute to the sixfold greater than rate of sepsis in preterm infants? | Immature immunologic systems and prolonged periods of hospitalization with indwelling catheters. |
| What is the most common early manifestation of Early-Onset Sepsis? | Pneumonia (respiratory failure), shock, or meningitis (in 30% of cases). |
| List four common bacterial organisms responsible for Early-Onset Sepsis (EOS). | Group B streptococci (GBS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Haemophilus influenzae, and Klebsiella. |
| What are the two components of the standard empirical antibiotic therapy for Early-Onset Sepsis? | A combination of ampicillin and an aminoglycoside (usually gentamicin). |
| If meningitis is present, how long should the antibiotic treatment for Early-Onset Sepsis be extended? | To 21 days or 14 days after a negative result from a CSF culture. |
| What is the primary method used to reduce the rate of Early-Onset GBS infection? | Intrapartum penicillin empirical prophylaxis for GBS colonized mothers or those with risk factors. |
| In Late-Onset Sepsis (LOS), what percentage of cases can result in meningitis? | Meningitis may result from hematogenous seeding in 75% of Late-Onset Sepsis cases. |
| What is a key difference in the clinical presentation of Late-Onset Sepsis compared to Early-Onset? | LOS can manifest with focal infections like meningitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, or UTI. |
| What is the gold standard diagnostic procedure for confirming meningitis in a neonate? | Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) culture. |
| What are the two best urine sampling techniques for obtaining a sterile urine culture in infants? | Sterile suprapubic aspiration or transurethral catheterization. |
| What is the prognostic significance of a C-Reactive Protein (CRP) test in the workup for neonatal sepsis? | CRP is usually elevated in bacterial neonatal sepsis. |
| What is the definition of a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)? | Significant bacteriuria of a urinary pathogen in a symptomatic patient. |
| What are the two main anatomical types of UTI? | Cystitis (localized to the bladder) and Pyelonephritis (infection of the renal parenchyma and pelvis). |
| What age group has the highest incidence of UTI during their prepubertal years? | The highest incidence is in the first year of life. |
| How much greater than is the risk of developing a UTI in uncircumcised boys compared to circumcised boys? | Uncircumcised boys are at 10-fold greater than risk. |
| What organism accounts for 85% of first UTI infections? | Escherichia coli (E. coli), ascending from bowel flora. |
| What urine culture result indicates a positive UTI diagnosis in infants and young children? | Pyuria and at least 50,000 CFU/mL of a single pathogenic organism. |
| What are the most consistent symptoms of a UTI in neonates? | Failure to thrive, feeding problems, and fever. |
| What is the recommended imaging study for infants with a first-time febrile UTI? | Ultrasonography of the bladder and kidneys to exclude structural abnormalities. |
| When is a Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) indicated in the workup for a febrile UTI? | If the ultrasound is abnormal (e.g., hydronephrosis, scarring, or findings suggesting obstruction or congenital abnormality). |
| What is the purpose of a Technetium-99m DMSA scan in the evaluation of UTI? | To identify acute pyelonephritis and define renal scarring as a late effect of UTI. |
| For which three clinical scenarios should admission and initial parenteral antibiotic therapy be administered for a suspected UTI? | All young infants (especially less than 3 months of life), any child who appears toxic, or any child who appears dehydrated or is unable to retain oral fluids. |
| What is the reason neonates with UTI are treated with parenteral antibiotics regardless of blood culture results? | Because UTIs in this age group are assumed to occur from hematogenous spread. |
| What are the commonly used empirical parenteral antibiotics for UTI? | Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, or a combination of Ampicillin plus Gentamicin. |
| What are some examples of commonly used empirical oral antibiotics for UTI? | Cephalexin, Amoxicillin plus Clavulanic acid, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or Fluoroquinolones. |
| What is the general goal of UTI prevention? | Treating the underline cause (e.g., vesicoureteral reflux or obstruction). |
| What is the general management approach for Neonatal Sepsis? | Treat shock with IV fluids and start broad-spectrum IV antibiotics immediately after obtaining a full septic workup (blood, urine, CSF). |
| What is the initial diagnostic approach for a sick neonate? | History (maternal and event), complete neonatal exam, and a full septic screen (Blood, urine, and CSF). |
| List three differential diagnoses for a sick neonate besides sepsis? | Metabolic crisis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) crisis, and Duct-dependent lesions in Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). |
| What are four factors that increase the susceptibility of infections in neonates? | Lack of IgG transfer, lack of complement components, low levels of phagocytes, and reduced T-cell function. |
| What is the empirical antibiotic regimen for Late-Onset Sepsis (LOS)? | |
| What is the typical duration of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated neonatal sepsis (excluding meningitis)? | 7 to 10 days. |
Created by:
MeanHeem