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pedia - cer palsy

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QuestionAnswer
What is the definition of Cerebral Palsy (CP)? Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent disorders affecting movement and posture, due to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain .
At what age does the onset of motor symptoms typically occur for Cerebral Palsy? Onset is before age 2-3 .
List four key features of an Upper Motor Neuron Lesion (UMNL). Spasticity, hyperreflexia, clonus, and a positive Babinski sign .
What is the definition of Spasticity? Increased muscle tone with hyperactive reflexes that is velocity-dependent .
What is the definition of Dystonia? Sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing twisting and repetitive movements .
What is the definition of Hypertonia? A general increase in muscle tension that is not necessarily associated with hyperreflexia .
What is the most common type of Cerebral Palsy, and what percentage of individuals does it affect? Spastic CP, affecting 70-80% of individuals .
What part of the brain is damaged in Dyskinetic CP? The basal ganglia .
What type of CP is characterized by involuntary movements like athetosis and chorea? Dyskinetic CP .
What part of the brain is damaged in Ataxic CP? The cerebellum .
What is Diplegic CP and which patient population is it most common in? A type of CP that primarily affects the legs, and it is common in preterm infants .
What is Quadriplegic CP? A type of CP that affects all four limbs (arms and legs) .
What are three major Prenatal causes (etiologies) of Cerebral Palsy? Intrauterine infections (e.g., CMV, toxoplasmosis), maternal conditions (preeclampsia, diabetes), and prenatal stroke .
What are two major Perinatal causes (etiologies) of Cerebral Palsy? Birth asphyxia/placental complications and prematurity (which increases the risk of periventricular leukomalacia) .
What is the preferred neuroimaging study for identifying structural brain abnormalities in suspected CP? Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) .
What is the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) used for in CP? It helps predict long-term motor function and plan treatment .
According to GMFCS, what does Level III describe? Walks using a hand-held mobility device .
What is the definition of Ataxia? A lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements, affecting gait, posture, and fine motor skills .
What part of the nervous system is the main center for coordination and balance, and a common affected area in ataxia? The Cerebellum .
Which type of ataxia is characterized by poor coordination that is worsened in the dark or when eyes are closed (positive Romberg test)? Sensory Ataxia .
What is the most common hereditary cause of progressive ataxia? Friedreich’s Ataxia .
What is the most common acquired cause of ataxia in children? Post-viral cerebellitis (often following viral infections) .
What is the main component of supportive therapy for ataxia? Physiotherapy, to improve balance, gait, and coordination .
What is the most common cause of CP associated with Diplegic CP in preterm infants? Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) .
What laboratory test is essential to rule out metabolic disorders that can mimic Cerebral Palsy? Metabolic screening.
Created by: MeanHeem
 

 



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