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Bio 5th ch 12-15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell differentiation | Changes to the structures of a cell that allow it to carry out a special function in an organism. |
| What is simple tissue | A simple tissue is a group of identical cells that work together to carry out a function in an organism. Meristematic tissue is an example of a simple tissue in plants. Epithelial tissue is an example of a simple tissue in the skin of animals. |
| What is complex tissue | A complex tissue is a group of two or more cell types that work together to perform a function in an organism. Vascular tissue is a complex tissue in plants. Its function is to transport materials around the plant. Muscle tissue is complex tissue in anima |
| What are the organs of a plant | Roots, stems, leaves |
| What are the organs of an animal | Animal organs include the heart, the brain, the liver and the kidneys. There are 78 different organs in the human body. |
| Name a plant organ system | An above-ground shoot system is responsible for photosynthesis, gas exchange and sexual reproduction. |
| Name a human organ system | There are 10 different organ systems in the human body, here are 2, The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the bloodstream. The breathing system exchanges gases between the internal and external environment. |
| What is food | Food Any substance containing nutrients that can be taken in and used by an organism to support its functions. |
| How many chemical elements are in food | Almost all food used by living things is made up of only 14 chemical elements. These elements can be grouped based on the quantity an organism requires. |
| What is an anabolic reaction | In an anabolic reaction, small molecules join to form larger molecules. Energy is stored during an anabolic reaction. Photosynthesis is an example of an anabolic reaction. |
| What is a catabolic reaction | In a catabolic reaction, large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. Energy is released during a catabolic reaction. Respiration is an example of a catabolic reaction. |
| Carbohydrate | A biomolecule made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen that stores energy. |
| What are Monosaccharides and examples | Monosaccharides are the simplest type of carbohydrate. They are a single sugar unit. Monosaccharides can be dissolved in water (soluble) and taste sweet. Examples, glucose, fructose, deoxyribose, ribose |
| What are disaccharides and examples | Disaccharides are two single sugar units (monosaccharides) joined together. Disaccharides are also soluble in water and taste sweet. Examples of disaccharides are maltose, sucrose and lactose. These three disaccharides all have the same molecular formula, |
| What are polysaccharides and examples | Polysaccharides are many single sugar units joined together in long, straight chains or branches. Unlike monosaccharides and disaccharides, polysaccharides are very large molecules that are insoluble or only slightly soluble in water and they do not taste |
| What is a lipid | Lipid A biomolecule made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen that acts as a long-term store of energy. Lipids that are solid at room temperature are fats (e.g. butter). Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are oils (e.g. olive oil). |
| What are the 2 different structures for lipids | Triglycerides and phospholipids |
| What is the structural role of lipid | forming the lipid bilayer that makes up all biological membranes, including the cell membrane and those of organelles like the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the metabolic role of lipids | essential for energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and signaling molecules. They provide long-term energy reserves, form the fundamental structure of all cell membranes |
| What is protein | A protein is a biomolecule made up of amino acids. Proteins include keratin, myosin and amylase. |
| What are the structures of proteins | • the sequence of amino acids • the folding of the long chain of amino acids to give the protein its final three-dimensional shape. |
| What are fibrous | Fibrous proteins are chains of amino acids that twist together. They usually have a structural role in an organism (e.g. keratin in hair, collagen in ligaments and tendons). |
| Globular proteins | Globular proteins are folded chains of amino acids that have a round structure. They usually have a metabolic role in an organism (e.g. the enzymes amylase, protease and lipase). |
| Enzyme | A biological catalyst that helps to regulate chemical reactions in living organisms |
| Regulator | A chemical that controls the activity of enzymes and metabolic reactions. |
| To investigate qualitatively the presence of starch in a range of food samples | 1. Label four test tubes: Water - Control, Bread, Milk, Vegetable oil. 2. Add 2 ml of water to the test tube labelled 'Water - Control'. Add 2 cm' of the foods being tested to their labelled test tubes. 3. Add 2-3 drops of iodine to each test tube. Swirl |
| What is the colour of biuret reagent | Blue |
| What is the colour of iodine | dark-purple to black solid |
| An example of plant and animal organs | Animal organ: the heart, brain, liver and kidneys. Plant organs: roots, stems and leaves |
Created by:
Louie Masterson