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rogerian theory
psych exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When was the person-centered/ rogerian theory established? | by carl rogers in 1942 |
| What did carl rogers family value? | hard work, responsibility, keeping emotions "in check" |
| What were carl rogers parents? | fundamentalist christians |
| What did rogers react to? | the "neutral stance" and interpretation common to psychoanalysis |
| What did rogers' early work with children lead him to emphasize? | conscious attitudes towards the self and the "self-ideal" in explaining symptoms |
| What was the more comprehensive explanation of person-centered theory? | a theory of therapy, personality, and interpersonal relationships |
| concepts of person centered theory | experience, reality, reacting as an organized whole, actualizing tendency, internal frame of reference, self or self-concept, symbolization, psychological adjustment or maladjustment, distortion, denial |
| person centered theory- experience | a person's private world; may be conscious or difficult to bring into awareness |
| person centered theory- reality | the private world of the individual's perceptions |
| person centered theory- reacting as an organized whole | an individual is becoming aware of their priorities and what is significant to them |
| person centered theory- actualizing tendency | most individuals will prefer to be healthy, independent |
| person centered theory- internal frame of reference | the way the world appears to the individual and the meanings they attach to it |
| person centered theory- self or self-concept | organized, consistent, conceptual symbol composed of the perception of the "I" or "me" as well as the perceptions of relationships to the "I" or "me"; may be conscious or outside of awareness; can be fluid and changing |
| person centered theory- symbolization | the process through which a person becomes aware of an experience; an ambiguous experience is often symbolized in line with the self-concept |
| person centered theory- psychological adjustment or maladjustment | level of consistency between a person's experiences and their self-concept |
| person centered theory- distortion | allowing an experience into awareness, but in a way that makes it consistent with the self |
| person centered theory- denial | preserving the self-concept by denying the conscious existence of an experience |
| incongruence | believe you are largely misaligned with reality |
| actual self similar to ideal self= | high self esteem |
| dissimilar to their ideal self= | low self-esteem |
| What do high self esteem women value? | close relationships with others |
| What are high self-esteem men like in relationships? | more emotionally distant and controlled in their relationships |
| rogerian theory | focus is on understanding the lived experience of individuals from their perspective |
| What does the rogerian theory recognize? | the subjective aspects of reality |
| What does our reality continuously shape? | our self or self-concept |
| What are we primarily driven toward? | self-actualization |
| 2 main defense mechanisms | distortion and denial |
| distortion | when we allow an experience into awareness but reshape it so it becomes consistent with the self |
| denial | when we reject the experience, to preserve the self concept |
| What did rogers believe were important for positive change? | the therapeutic climate and interpersonal relationship between the client and therapist |
| Three necessary conditions for successful therapy | empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness (or congruence) |
| psychopathology in rogerian theory | psychological distress is determined by the level or perceived congruence between the self-concept and experience |
| What can psychologically healthy individuals do? | integrate experiences into their self-concept and are open to new experiences as opposed to defensive |
| What might a maladjusted person do? | engage in defense mechanisms when there is incongruence between actual experience and the subjective experience of the self (self-experience discrepancy) |
| What to defense mechanisms exist to do in rogerian theory? | to manage incongruence as opposed to forbidden drives |
| What did abraham maslow believe? | people are good or neutral, humans are oriented toward growth and fulfillment |
| What did abraham maslow believe psychopathology results from? | when growth and fulfillment are frustrated or prevented by various social structures |
| Maslows hierarchy of needs | basic needs, psychological needs, self-fulfillment needs |
| basic needs | psychological needs, safety needs |
| psychological needs | food, water, warmth, rest |
| safety needs | security, safety |
| psychological needs | belongingness and love needs, esteem needs |
| belongingness and love needs | intimate relationships, friends |
| esteem needs | prestige and feeling of accomplishment |
| self-fulfillment needs | self-actualization |
| self-actualization | achieving one's full potential, including creative activities |
| Who did maslow focus on? | studying individuals he saw as achieving self-actualization |
| positive psychology | movement away from the emphasis on psychopathology and studying sources of distress and disorder |
| What criteria did Seligman and colleagues develop when attempting to systematically study human strengths? | enduring characteristic that is beneficial across life domains, caregivers and larger society try to foster its development in children and it is "celebrated by one's community when it is developed", valued in majority of cultures |
| six universal human strengths developed by seligman | wisdom, courage, love, justice, temperance (forgiveness), and transcendence (appreciation of beauty) |
| what can the six universal human strengths be fostered via? | caregiving relationships and social institutions |
| concept of flow- state of consciousness where there is: | match btwn personal skills/ environmental challenge, high level of focused attention, involvement in activity- time seems to fly by and no irrelevant thoughts, intrinsic enjoyment in the activity, temp. loss of self consciousness- not aware of activity |
| Where can flow happen? | across a variety of activities- work, hobbies, sports, dancing, social interactions, etc. |
| existentialism | attempts to understand existence and the human condition (phenomena that are inherent in the nature of being alive, human, existing) |
| What does existentialism emphasize? | the importance of freedom, consciousness, and self-reflection |
| What distinguishes humans from other animals? | freedom |
| What does freedom involve? | responsibility for choices, for action, for being authentic, or for acting in "bad faith" and being inauthentic |
| What concept does existentialism deal with? | death |
| What is existentialism more tied to? | individual meaning- making than universal theory |
| Terror management theory | humans generally share a desire to live and, unlike other animals, have awareness of the inevitability of death |
| We are at risk of being overwhelmed by terrifying death anxiety, how do we manage this? | social and cultural institutions or worldviews, can vary between cultures, often involves a belief in the afterlife, leaving behind a legacy, joining a group |
| What can mortality salience lead to? | greater commitment to one's cultural beliefs and greater rejection of cultural beliefs that might threaten one's worldview |
Created by:
camrynfoster