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Pharm Ch. 10
Pharm Ch. 10 Self Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Are amides are the local anesthetics most likely to cause an allergic reaction? | No, esters are |
| Where are amides hydrolyzed/metabolized? | The liver |
| Lidocaine may be administered by all routes EXCEPT what? | Intramuscular |
| Which forms of local anesthetic are BEST for tissue absorption? | Weak base form, primarily nonionized |
| A patient is taking cimetidine (Tagamet) for a gastric ulcer. What clinical effect could this drug have if the patient requires large doses of lidocaine local anesthetics? | Decrease lidocaine metabolism |
| What is an important consideration when administering a local anesthetic with a vasoconstrictor to a patient with suspected methamphetamine abuse? | Adrenergic stimulation by the vasoconstrictor and increased BP |
| Components of local anesthetics | Vasoconstrictor, sodium chloride, antioxidant, sodium hydroxide |
| What is NOT a component of local anesthetics? | Antihistamine |
| Amides have how many "i's" in the name? | 2 |
| Esters have how many "i's" in the name? | 1 |
| A patient had an MI a year ago. They are taking warfarin, prinivil, atenolol, and cardizem. What local anesthetic would be safest? | Lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine |
| How many cartridges would be safe to give to the above patient? | 2 |
| Which is the most common formulation of local anesthetic used in dentistry today? | Lidocaine 2% 1:100,000 |
| Vasoconstrictors are added to local anesthetics for all purposed EXCEPT what? | Shorten duration of action |
| What is the most common local adverse reaction to local anesthetic? | Physical injury at injection site, such as a hematoma |
| What is the most commonly used topical anesthetic in dentistry? | Benzocaine |
| What is the mechanism of action of a local anesthetic? | Decreases permeability of nerve membrane, preventing depolarization |
| What is the major advantage of amide local anesthetics over esters? | Lack of allergenicity |
| Which local anesthetic would be indicated for a lengthy dental procedure based on duration of action? | Bupivacaine (Maricaine) 0.5% with 1:200,000 epi |
| Which local anesthetic would be indicated for pregnancy? | Lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine |
| What is the total dosage of local anesthetic and epinephrine administered with Lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine? | 72 mg lidocaine, 0.036 mg of eip |
| Application of ____ and ____ in gel form, into the periodontal pocket is an injection-free method of administering local anesthetic that is well tolerated in most patients. | Lidocaine and prilocaine |
| Which factor is MOST likely to increase toxicity when the dental health care provider is using topical anesthetics? | Use sprays to provide even applicaiton |
| Where are esters metabolized? | The blood plasma |
| Which anesthetic is metabolized into PABA? | Esters |
| If a patient has severe liver disease of alcoholism, what changes should be bade to their dose of local anesthetic? | It should be decreased |
| What has the longest duration of action of the amide local anesthetics? | Bupivacaine |
| What differs from other amide local anesthetics because it has an extra ester linkage? | Articaine (Septocaine) |
| Does articaine have a longer half-life and lower toxicity than lidocaine? | No, it has a shorter half-life |
| What clinically significant drug interaction can occur between epinephrine and an tricyclic antidepressant (ex. amitriptyline)? | Increased BP |
Created by:
jridder25