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psych exam 2
rogerian humanistic person-centered theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| person centered/rogerian theory established by, when | carl rogers in 1942 |
| what did rogers family value | hard work, responsibility, keeping emotions "in check" |
| rogers parents were | christians |
| freudian and rogerian | both based their theories on their therapeutic experiences |
| rogers disagreed with frued on | humans as controlled by unconscious forces personality is determined by experiences in life people repeat repressed conflicts of the past |
| freudian and rogerian agreed with eachother on | emphasized conscious perceptions of the present more focus on interpersonal experiences throughout life as opposed to parental relations to childhood oriented toward positive growth and psychological maturity people, most children, need positive regard |
| phenomenological perspective | investigation of people's conscious experiences or how they experience the world - less concerned with the experiences of the observer |
| what did phenomenological perspective represent | a significant shift from psychoanalytic theory, which focused heavily on unconscious motivations as the structure of personality |
| phenomenological perspective was far more interested in | understanding the individuals own thoughts and views and feelings, keep YOUR OWN interpretations out of it! |
| what does rogers recognize | that experience is subjective |
| phenomenal field | the space of perceptions that makes up experience |
| what do psychological needs shape | our subjective experiences that we may interpret as objectively real |
| how did person centered theory come about | rogers early work with children led him to emphasize conscious attitude towards the self and the "self ideal" in explaining symptoms |
| in 1951, a better explanation of person centered theory was developed | theory of therapy, personality, and interpersonal relationships |
| observed and transcribed therapy sessions | to develop 19 basic propositions of person centered theory |
| self or self-concept | organized, consistent, conceptual symbol composed of the perception of the "I" or "me" as well as the perceptions of relationships to the "I" or "me", may be conscious or outside of awareness, can be fluid or changing |
| self or self-concept aka | the broader, cognitive understanding of who you are, comprised of your beliefs, self-image, self-esteem, and ideal self |
| ideal vs actual self | ideal self is the person you want to be, representing aspirations, hopes, and dreams actual self is the person you perceives yourself to be based on current beliefs and behaviors |
| congruence vs incongruence | congruence is when your internal feelings, thoughts, and actions are aligned incongruence is a mismatch where they are out of sync |
| congruence is associated with | psychological health, happiness, and self-acceptance |
| incongruence can cause | distress, anxiety, and a feeling of being at odds with oneself |
| self experience discrepancy | the negative feeling arising from a mismatch between your actual self and your ideal or "ought" self |
| actualizing tendency/self-actualization | actualizing tendency is the fundamental, lifelong force to become the best version of yourself self-actualization is the state of achieving that potential |
| how rogers views psychopathology | psychological distress is determined by the level or perceived congruence between the self concept and experience psycho healthy ppl can integrate experiences into their self concept and are open to new experiences as opposed to defensive |
| distortion | allowing an experience into awareness, but in a way that makes it consistent with the self |
| denial | preserving the self concept by denying the conscious existence of an experience |
| what are the two rogerian defense mechanisms | distortion and denial |
| what does rogerian theory recognize | the subjective aspects of reality, our "reality" continuously shapes our self or self-concept |
| experiences can either support or threaten our "self concept", we respond by | integrating, distorting, or denying |
| integrating | the experience and updating our self concept |
| distorting | the experience to reduce the threat to our self concept |
| denying | the experience to remain rigid in our self concept |
| block and robins (1993) found | that self esteem increases for males and decreases for females from adolescence to young adulthood (14-23 yrs) |
| actual self similar to ideal self = | high self esteem |
| dissimilar to their ideal self = | low self esteem |
| high self esteem women value | close relationships with others |
| high self esteem men were more | emotionally distant and controlled in their relationships |
| what did rogers believe about the therapeutic approach | the therapeutic climate and the interpersonal relationship between client and therapist were important for positive change |
| three necessary conditions for successful therapy | empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness |
| positive psychology: Seligman’s strengths | wisdom, courage, love, justice, temperance (forgiveness), and transcendence (appreciation of beauty) |
| what can Seligman’s strengths be fostered by | caregiving relationships and social institutions |
| positive psychology: existentialism | attempts to understand existence and the human condition, emphasizes the important of freedom, consciousness and self reflection, dealing with concept of death, tied to individual meaning-making than universal theory |
| positive psychology: terror management theory (TMT) | humans generally share a desire to live and unlike other animals, have awareness of inevitability of death |
| terror management theory (TMT): we are at risk of | being overwhelmed by terrifying death anxiety aka mortality salience |
| managing mortality salience | social and cultural institutions or worldviews, can vary between cultures; often involves a belief in an afterlife, leaving behind a legacy - being part of a larger group |
| cultural components of the self | eastern vs western conceptions of the self |
| eastern | often more collectivist, interdependent, and view the self as a transient or even illusory part of a larger whole |
| western | tend to be individualistic, viewing the self as a stable, autonomous entity |
| concept of flow is a state of consciousness where there is | match btwn personal skills and environmental challenge, high level of focused attention, involvement in activity that time flies & thoughts/distractions dont enter consciousness, sense of enjoyment in the activity, temporary loss of self consciousness |
| when can flow be found | across a variety of activities - work, hobbies, sports, dancing, social interactions |
| maslow stated that | people are good or neutral, humans are oriented toward growth and fulfillment, psychopathology results when growth and fulfillment are frustrated or prevented by various social structures |
| maslow: self actualization | focused on studying individuals he saw as achieving self-actualization: abraham lincoln, albert einstein, eleanor roosevelt |
| maslow conducted that these people's features included the following characteristics | Accept self/others Attentive to own needs and others respond to uniqueness of people/situations form intimate relationships with special people Spontaneous/creative resist conformity, assert themselves, remain grounded in reality |
| maslow hierarchy of needs | self actualization esteem needs belongingness and love needs safety needs physiological needs |
| self actualization | achieving ones full potential, including create activities |
| esteem needs | prestige and feeling of accomplishment |
| belongingness and love needs | intimate relationships, friends |
| safety needs | security, safety |
| physiological needs | food, water, warmth, rest |
Created by:
leh195