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Stack #4546116
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is anaerobic respiration? | Anaerobic respiration is the process of breaking down glucose without oxygen, producing less energy and forming lactic acid in animals or ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeast. |
| Why is less energy produced in anaerobic respiration? | Because glucose is not completely broken down during anaerobic respiration. |
| What is lactic acid? | Lactic acid is a waste product of anaerobic respiration in animal muscles that builds up and causes fatigue. |
| Why do muscles ache during strenuous exercise? | Muscles ache because lactic acid accumulates due to anaerobic respiration. |
| What is oxygen debt? | Oxygen debt is the extra oxygen needed after exercise to break down lactic acid accumulated in muscles. |
| How does the body remove lactic acid? | Lactic acid is converted back to glucose using oxygen during recovery, which is why we continue to breathe heavily after exercise. |
| Where does anaerobic respiration occur in cells? | In the cytoplasm of the cell. |
| Where does aerobic respiration occur in cells? | In the mitochondria of the cell. |
| What are the waste products of aerobic respiration? | Carbon dioxide and water. |
| What are the waste products of anaerobic respiration in animals? | Lactic acid. |
| What are the waste products of anaerobic respiration in plants (yeast)? | Ethanol and carbon dioxide. |
| What is fermentation? | Fermentation is the anaerobic respiration of yeast where glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. |
| How does yeast help bread rise? | Yeast ferments sugar anaerobically producing CO2 which gets trapped in dough, causing it to rise. |
| What happens to ethanol in breadmaking? | Ethanol evaporates during baking. |
| How is beer or rum produced using yeast? | Yeast ferments sugars anaerobically producing alcohol and CO2; CO2 makes beer fizzy and alcohol is collected for rum. |
| How is yoghurt made using bacterial fermentation? | Bacteria ferment lactose in milk to lactic acid, thickening it into yoghurt. |
| What gas is produced in biogas production? | Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide. |
| How do bacteria produce methane from organic waste? | Organic waste is first broken down into organic acids by bacteria, then methane-producing bacteria convert these acids into methane and CO2. |
| Why is anaerobic respiration useful in industry? | It is used in breadmaking, alcohol production, yoghurt making, and biogas production. |
| What is the difference in energy production between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? | Aerobic produces large amounts of energy (≈2880 kJ/glucose) while anaerobic produces small amounts (≈150 kJ in animals, 210 kJ in plants). |
| What is respiration? | Respiration is the process by which energy in food is made available for a cell to do the work necessary to keep it alive. |
| What happens to glucose during respiration? | Cells convert glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. |
| Where does respiration occur in the cell? | It occurs in the mitochondria of most cells. |
| How is respiration different from breathing? | Respiration is a chemical process that releases energy from food inside cells, while breathing is a physical process involving inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide. |
| What type of respiration uses oxygen? | Aerobic respiration. |
| What are the products of aerobic respiration? | Carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP). |
| Write the word and chemical equation for aerobic respiration | C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP) |
| What is ATP? | ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular processes. |
| How is ATP formed? | By combining adenosine diphosphate (ADP) with a phosphate group and energy. |
| Why is ATP important to cells? | It provides energy for chemical reactions, transport of substances, and cell movement. |
| What are three advantages of ATP to cells? | 1. Energy is released rapidly. 2. Energy is released exactly where it is needed. 3. Only a small, controlled amount of energy is released each time. |
| What is the function of ATP in energy transfer? | It acts as an energy carrier, transferring energy from food breakdown to cell activities. |
| What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? | Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, producing carbon dioxide, water, and much energy (about 38 ATP). Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and produces less energy, along with lactic acid (in muscles) or alcohol and carbon dioxide (in yeast). |
| What is aerobic respiration? | Aerobic respiration is the process by which cells use oxygen to completely break down glucose to release energy, carbon dioxide, and water. |
| What is advantageous about storing energy in the body? | Storing energy allows the body to use it when food is not available, supports continuous cell activity, and helps maintain body functions. |
| How does anaerobic respiration help in bread making? | Yeast ferments sugar producing CO2 that makes dough rise, while ethanol evaporates during baking. |
| What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? | Aerobic uses oxygen and produces large energy (CO2 + water), while anaerobic does not use oxygen, produces less energy, and forms lactic acid in animals or ethanol + CO2 in plants. |
| How do flowering plants get oxygen? | Through diffusion via stomata in leaves and lenticels in stems. |
| Why do plants need a constant supply of oxygen? | For respiration to release energy for growth and survival. |
| Why is it better to use plastic bags with holes for fruits and vegetables? | Holes allow oxygen in and carbon dioxide out, preventing spoilage. |
| What happens if fruits remain in sealed plastic bags for a few days? | The fruit will rot because cells respire anaerobically, producing alcohol and CO2 which damages tissues. |
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