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UNIT 3, CHPT 9
CHAPTER 9.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the phases of the cell cycle? | interphase (G1, S, and G2) mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) |
| what is interphase? | the phase of the cell cycle where cell is not diving. accounts for 90% of the cell cycle. where chromosomes are duplicated |
| what is the G1 phase? | (know all) first gap. happens before DNA synthesis begins. considered the most important phase b/c if the cell gets the go-ahead here, it will likely finish the cell cycle, and if it doesn't recieve the go-ahead here, it will not continue the cell cycle |
| what is the G0 phase? | a non-diving state that cells go to if they don't get the go ahead in the G1 phase, can be reversible in some cells |
| what is the S phase? | (know all) synthesis. portion of interphase where DNA is replicated and chromosomes are duplicated |
| what is the G2 phase? | (know all) second gap. consists of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs |
| what is the mitotic phase? | the phase of the cell cycle that involves mitosis and cytokinesis. |
| what is mitosis? | distribution of chromosomes into two genetically identical daughter nuclei |
| what is cytokinesis? | division of cytoplasm, producing two daughter cells |
| what are the five stages of mitosis? | prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| what happens in prophase? | chromatin condenses into chromosomes, mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears |
| what happens in prometaphase? | the nuclear envelope fragments and spindles attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes |
| what happens in metaphase? | the spindle is now complete and the chromosomes are alligned at the metaphase plate |
| what happens in anaphase? | chromatids of each chromosome have seperated and the daughter chromosome move to opposite ends of the cell |
| what happens in telophase? | daughter neclei form and typically, cytokinesis has begun |
| what is the mitotic spindle? | the assembly of microtubules and associated proteins that are involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis |
| what is the kinetochore? | a structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle |
| what is the metaphase plate? | the imaginary structure located at the plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase where all chromosomes/chromatids line up |
| what is cleavage in animal cells? | when the plasma membrane pinches in as the parent cell prepares to separate into two daughter cells |
| what is the cleavage furrow? | the first sign of cleavage;. a shallow groove around the cell in the cell surface, roughly near the middle |
| what is the cell plate? | the membrane bound flat sac in the middle of a dividing plant cell where the new cell wall will form |
| what happens in plant cell cytokinesis? | the cell plate enlarges until it's membrane fuses with the cell's plasma membrane |
| what is binary fission? | asexual reproduction in single celled organisms |
| what happens during binary fission? | starts replicating chromosomes, then two copies of the origin of replication move to opposite sides of the cell, then plasma mem starts to pinch in after replication finishes, then two cells result |
| what is the origin of replication? | the site where DNA replication begins |
| what is the difference between prokaryotic and single cell eukaryotic binary fission? | in prokaryotic, mitosis is NOT involved. in eukaryotic, mitosis is part of it. |
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SuperBugLover