The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Which system primarily controls homeostasis?

The nervous and endocrine systems.

What is the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Intracellular fluid is inside cells; extracellular fluid is outside cells (includes plasma and interstitial fluid).

Q: What causes an action potential in neurons?

A rapid change in membrane potential due to the opening and closing of voltage-gated ion channels.

Q: What happens during depolarization of a neuron?

Sodium (Na⁺) channels open, and sodium rushes into the cell, making the inside more positive.

. Q: What happens during repolarization?

Potassium (K⁺) channels open, potassium leaves the cell, restoring a negative charge inside.

The junction where a neuron communicates with another cell using neurotransmitters.

Q: What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

ATP provides energy for the detachment of myosin heads from actin and for the active transport of calcium ions.

Q: What is the sliding filament theory?

It explains muscle contraction as actin and myosin filaments sliding past each other, shortening the sarcomere.

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Anthony O. Nwaobi

Physiology Week 1 -6

Question	Answer
What is homeostasis?	The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
Which system primarily controls homeostasis?	The nervous and endocrine systems.
What is the basic functional unit of life?	The cell.
What is the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?	Intracellular fluid is inside cells; extracellular fluid is outside cells (includes plasma and interstitial fluid).
Q: What causes an action potential in neurons?	A rapid change in membrane potential due to the opening and closing of voltage-gated ion channels.
Q: What happens during depolarization of a neuron?	Sodium (Na⁺) channels open, and sodium rushes into the cell, making the inside more positive.
. Q: What happens during repolarization?	Potassium (K⁺) channels open, potassium leaves the cell, restoring a negative charge inside.
: What is a synapse?	The junction where a neuron communicates with another cell using neurotransmitters.
Q: What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?	ATP provides energy for the detachment of myosin heads from actin and for the active transport of calcium ions.
Q: What is the sliding filament theory?	It explains muscle contraction as actin and myosin filaments sliding past each other, shortening the sarcomere.

Created by: tony4real

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