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Stack #4545990
anatomy practicle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motor neurons are | nerve cells that carry impulses from the brain or brainstem to control muscles or glands |
| what does the premotor cortex do? | plans, organizes and coordinates groups of muscles to work together |
| what does the primary motor cortex do? | carries out the complex movements and is located in the posterior region of the frontal lobe within the precentral gyrus. |
| Cerebellum: | smooth movements, coordination, proprioception, sensory inputs |
| Basal Nuclei | influence motor movements, movement intensity, and balance |
| Axons of Upper Motor Neurons/ UMNs), Deliver movement information from primary motor cortex to | to lower motor neurons in the spinal cord or brain stem |
| Postural/gross movement tracts | Controls skeletal muscle activity (unconscious or involuntary) |
| Fine movement and limb flexion tracts | Controls limb and face movements |
| Some descending pathways connect to a connector neuron before | synapsing with LMNs |
| Alpha Motor Neuron | have large cell bodies and large myelinated axons |
| Gamma Motor Neurons: | have medium-sized myelinated axons |
| Skeletal muscles (Effectors) | Composed of proteins like actin, myosin |
| UMNs arise directly from the | brainstem or cerebral cortex |
| UMN axons travel in descending tracts to synapse with | LMNs or interneurons in the brainstem or spinal cord |
| Medial Upper Motor Neurons | Signal LMNs that innervate postural and trunk muscle |
| Tectospinal tract | in the (posterior midbrain), Stimulates muscles, coordinates movements of the head and neck toward visual and auditory stimuli |
| Medial Vestibulospinal tract location | arises from the medial vestibular nucleus in the upper medulla, crosses midline and projects bilaterally |
| Medial Vestibulospinal tract function | Stimulates LMNs innervating head, neck and upper back muscles. Helps maintain balance during standing and moving , |
| Lateral Vestibulospinal tract location | arises from the lateral vestibular nucleus in the upper medulla, |
| Lateral Vestibulospinal tract function | It facilitates stimulation of LMNs to extensors and inhibits LMNs to flexors |
| Medial Reticulospinal tract location | the pontine reticular formation |
| Medial (Anterior) Corticospinal tracts | cerebral cortex to the spinal cord |
| medial anterior corticospinal tract function | conveys information to LMNs that consciously controls head movements |
| Lateral Upper Motor Neurons | Fine movement and limb flexion tracts |
| Lateral Corticospinal Tract | direct conscious control to appendicular skeletal muscles |
| Rubrospinal Tract | innervates LMNs for arm flexion |
| Lateral reticulospinal tract | stimulates LMNs for limb flexors while inhibits extensors |
| Raphespinal tract | releases serotonin, inhibits motor activity, anxiety reduction |
| Locus Coeruleospinal tract | releases noepinephrine, stress response, muscle tone, precision movement |
| Clonus | Involuntary, repeating, rhythmic muscle contractions |
| types of somatosensation | touch, pain, temp, propreireception |
| Receptor responds to stimuli by | conversion of a sensory signal to an electrical signal |
Created by:
ecoesfeldd