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Health test chapter4
Health test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what systems of the body does sleep affect? | respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, urinary, and nervous system |
| what all drops when we fall asleep? | heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and body temperature |
| sleep is divided into distinct stages characterized by what? | different patterns of electrical brain activity |
| what is sleep architecture? | the way the stages of sleep come together |
| what monitoring device measures brain activity during sleep? | EEG |
| what kind of rhythm is shown on an EEG when a person is quietly resting with their eyes closed but not sleeping? | alpha rhythm |
| what are the first three stages of sleep grouped together as? | non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep |
| what do theories suggest the purpose of NREM sleep is? | it improves neural connections, facilitates information processing, cell repair, and removal of waste from the brain |
| what do the waves look like as we move through NREM sleep | they get larger and slower |
| what kind of waves does stage I and II sleep produce? | theta waves |
| what kind of waves does stage III sleep produce? | delta waves |
| what happens during microsleep? | loss of perception of the outside world |
| what are some examples of sleep disrupters? | caffeine, pain, nasal congestion |
| in what stage of sleep do different kinds of brain waves occur in synchrony? | stage II |
| what description best describes the brain waves that occur during stage III sleep? | synchronized and slow |
| what are some signs of sleep deficit? | 1. difficulty getting out of bed in the morning 2. the ability to fall back asleep at 10 or 11am 3. a tendency to fall asleep while reading or watching a movie 4. an inability to feel alert before noon without caffeine |
| what is an example of an activity to try to reduce stress and worry so that it will not interfere with sleep? | daytime planning sessions |
| what is the primary cause of the physiological tendency to sleep? | the homeostatic sleep drive |
| if you nap during the day, it is best to do so for how long and before what time to avoid insomnia? | 20 min and before 2pm |
| what about sleep and pain are accurate? | 1. poor sleep can increase the risk of developing pain 2. poor sleep can create a lower pain threshold |
| name the sleep-related phenomena that can contribute to diabetes. | 1. difficulty falling or staying asleep 2. sleep apnea |
| for anyone suffering disrupted sleep, it is worthwhile to consider avoiding food or fluid for how many hours before bed? | three |
| what is a lifestyle change that can help treat sleep apnea? | sleeping on your side |
| what are some examples of how light exposure can reinforce unhealthy behavior? | you are regularly exposed to bright light late at night, the SCN resets itself, and shifts our sleep and wake periods to occur later |
| what kind of person is most likely to fall asleep the fastest? | a person sitting in a warm room |
| what are things that interfere with the ability to fall asleep or stay asleep? | sleep disrupters |
| we enter into deep sleep less as we age. by what stage of life is it possible that deep sleep may be absent? | mid-seventies |
| in which stage of sleep do sleepers spend the most time? | stage II |
| what causes social jet-lag? | a circadian rhythm that is out of sync |
| what sleep occurs during the deepest stage of sleep (stage III) | slow wave sleep |
| what sleep disorder causes you to stop breathing while you sleep? | sleep apnea |
| how does consciousness change during sleep? | sleepers become less responsive to the environment |
| are brains active during sleep? | yes |
| what kind of waves does the EEG show when people are awake and quietly resting with their eyes closed? | alpha waves |
| what are possible side effects of a circadian rhythm that is out of sync? | mood changes, nausea, sleepiness |
| what kind of sleep is one of the two main phases of sleep that includes the deepest sleep? | non-rapid eye movement sleep |
| what is the lightest stage of sleep? | stage I |
| during REM sleep, the muscles in the limbs relax completely causing temporary what? | paralysis |
| when do dreams occur? | REM sleep |
| what is the master clock that sets and controls the sleep-wake cycle? | the suprachiasmatic nucelus |
| what are some examples of zeitgebers? | eating, being exposed to light, and exercise |
| what is a statement that is true about sleep cycles? | they cycle through NREM sleep and REM sleep |
| what is the hormone secreted by the pineal gland, especially in response to darkness? | melatonin |
| what are ways to strengthen your circadian rhythm? | refrain from using electronic devices in the evening and receive good light exposure in the morning |
| the homeostatic sleep drive is controlled by what? | the buildup of a chemical by-product of brain activity |
| what is the sleep-and-wake pattern that is coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus? | circadian rhythm |
| how much of nightly sleep will consist of stage II sleep in adults? | 50% |
| what are phenomena that can influence and reset the body's master clock called? | zeitgebers |
| when is melatonin produced? | when the sun sets |
| the homeostatic sleep drive is strengthened by what? | getting up early in the morning |
| how does caffeine affect the homeostatic sleep drive? | by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain |
| who needs the most sleep? | babies |
| which neurochemical is likely responsible for the homeostatic sleep drive? | adenosine |
| recent studies of sleep and depression have found which of the following? | when patients with depression specifically treat sleep problems, their depression also improves, even if the treatments are not medicinal |
| what issues may increase the risk of developing dementia or cause an earlier onset of dementia? | sleep disruptions during the night and poor quality of sleep |
| what are typical patterns of sleep during adolescence? | sleeping late into the morning and not feeling sleepy until late at night |
| what sleep problems are more common among men than women? | snoring and sleep apnea |
| what system helps remove proteins, such as amyloids, during sleep and is protective against dementia? | glymphatic system |
| what increases appetite? | ghrelin |
| what decreases appetite? | leptin |
| what kind of people would be likeliest to develop hypertension? | a person with severe sleep apnea |
| to treat nasal congestion that disrupts sleep, it is best to avoid medications that have what on a long-term basis since they can usually worsen congestion? | ephedrine |
| what all rises during REM sleep? | blood pressure, respirations, and heart rate |
| what are the three cycles of NREM sleep called? | N1-N3 |
| what might happen after completing N3 of the sleep cycle | you could possibly repeat N2 |
| how long do the sleep cycles usually last? | 90 min |
| what people usually have trouble with their SCN | blind people |
| what is the pressure to sleep that builds in relation to the amount of sleep you have had and your duration of wakefulness? | the homeostatic sleep drive |
| what is something women are more likely to have rather than men? | insomnia |
| when is it better to exercise to help promote better sleep? | in the morning |
| does weight gain cause sleep problems? | yes |
| how can untreated sleep apnea cause diabetes? | it can cause problems with glucose regulation |
| what is a common hidden sleep disrupter? | reflux |
| what is reflux worsened by? | caffeine, chocolate, and mint |
| what are common causes of coughing at night? | postnasal drip, asthma, and reflux |
| what is narcolepsy? | a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, and sudden loss of muscle control |
Created by:
ehoelzeman