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Brainstem Anatomy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Midbrain: | relays visual and auditory inputs, coordinate body movements, consciousness/alertness |
| Pons: | Relays communication from cerebellum to rest of brain. Modifies respiratory output of medulla. - Hearing, equilibrium, taste, facial sensations (touch, pain, eye movement, chewing, facial expressions, swallowing, discharge of saliva/tears). |
| Medulla: | - Responsible for regulating respiration, cardiac function, vasodilation, reflexes (vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing (both pharyngeal & esophageal) |
| Medulla: | - Home of nucleus tractus solitarius (primary sensory nucleus for swallowing function). Also Nucleus Ambiguus (primary motor nucleus for the reflexive aspects of swallowing function.) |
| Basal Ganglia: | - works w/ cerebellum to coordinate and control complex motor patterns (fine- fingertip, swallowing) and gross (posture) motor functions. - Movement intensities, directions and sequence. |
| Thalamus: | - Relay station for limbic, sensory, and motor info - Important in initiation and control of motor functions as it integrates both motor and sensory info from entire brain - Motivation, attention, wakefulness |
| Cerebellum: | Receives info from sensory systems, spinal cord, and other parts of brain/regulates motor movements |
| Cerebellum: | - Coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech/swallowing (smooth balanced muscular activity) - Damage to cerebellum = ataxia |
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