Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Plant Science Mid
chapters 1 - 6 of plant science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ______________ is the kingdom in which plants belong. | Plantae |
| By cultivating plants, humans increased the need to travel to follow the food supply. | False |
| What type of accounting can be related back to financial accounting by averaging costs across all forms of energy according to their solar energy equivalent? | Emergy |
| What US Government agency is tasked with helping the public mitigate soil erosion? | Natural Resources Conservation Service |
| The value of water for irrigating crops is determined by the level and kind of _____________ and ______________ present. | salts and other chemicals |
| pH controls the availability of certain elements in the soil. | True |
| Plants growing in soil or media with a low Cation Exchange Capacity would require less fertilization than those growing in a high Cation Exchange Capacity. | False |
| ________________ is most often used to raise the pH of an acid soil. | Agricultural Lime |
| A chelate is an insoluble molecule attached to a nutrient. | False |
| The application of soluble fertilizers into irrigation water is known as ________________ | Fertigation |
| Soil testing and plant tissue testing is required to know what nutrients are needed for a crop. | True |
| It is estimated that crops were being actively cultivated in Mexico ________ years ago. | 6,000-5,000 |
| Which Department does the Natural Resources Conservation Service reside in? | United States Department of Agriculture |
| Currently, which of the following issues have the greatest impact on transporting food to malnourished and starving populations? | Social and Political |
| What is the driving factor behind the dietary shift to higher protein foods such as steak, pork chops, eggs and dairy products for developing countries? | Affluence |
| The ideal soil consists of the following ratios: | 50% solids and 50% pore space |
| ____________is the most important soil characteristic to be considered before employing a plowing technique. | Soil Moisture |
| Beginning in 2005, Methyl Bromide's use as a soil fumigant has been severely restricted. What two dependent use criteria must be met before an exemption will be issued? | Crop and Location |
| In which soil horizon does the greatest concentration of productive topsoil reside? | A |
| Soil crusting results from the action of _________________. | Water droplets |
| The best strategy for remediating degraded soil is to ________________ | Allow it to lay fallow for several years |
| In which of the 8 land classes can animal grazing occur? | 1-7 |
| Alkalinity is determined by the amount of ______________ present in the water. | Carbonates |
| Which agricultural practice has increased crop yields and reduced worldwide hunger more than any other practice? | Use of Fertilizers |
| A complete fertilizer contains which 3 macronutrients? | N, P, K |
| An ecosystem consists of a community of organisms in a physical environment. | True |
| Almost all terrestrial ecosystems depend on the ability of plants to capture energy from the ______ and store it in complex organic molecules. | Sun |
| In ecosystems with enclosed canopies, the most intense competition among plants is likely to be for ___________. | Light |
| Competition occurs when plants of the same or different species attempt to use a resource that is in limited supply. | True |
| If new species attempt to colonize an ecosystem but lack open niches or unexploited resources, the result is known as ____________ | Exclusion |
| Plants that colonize niches in crop ecosystems are known as ____________. | Weeds |
| Parasites differ from herbivores because they cause ____________ rather than simply eating their way through plant tissues. | Diseases |
| Which of the following is an example of a biocontrol administered into a field of sweet corn? | Parasitoids |
| Mycorrhizae and Lichens are examples of symbionts. | True |
| What is added to crop ecosystems that relegate saprophytes and detritivores unnecessary? | Fertilizers |
| When Alexander von Humboldt moved in different parts of the world, he noticed that there was a similar progression of vegetative types and climatic conditions. Today, we call the recurrent vegetation and climatic condition types ______. | Biomes |
| Natural ecosystems are known to be highly conservative regarding nutrients. | True |
| In the food web of a natural ecosystem, plants are known as _____________. | Producers |
| ______________ is the main influence on the type of vegetation that develops. | Climate |
| Soils are produced from parent material by the interaction of climate and bacteria. | False |
| ______________ availability is primarily affected by patterns of air circulation around the globe. | Moisture |
| In general, surface winds from latitudes 30o N and 30oS travel away from the equator. | False |
| At the ______________, temperatures are high throughout the year. | Equator |
| The roots of ____________ never reach bare mineral soil. | Epiphytes |
| The tropical rainforests of South America, Africa, India and southern Florida make up the most productive biome and largest range of biological diversity on earth | False |
| Low temperature can be overcome more easily than lack of water for crop production. | False |
| Net primary productivity or NPP is ____________ fixed minus the amount consumed by the plant. | Carbon |
| All locations in a geographic area tend to develop __________________ kinds of vegetation over time. | Same |
| The THEORETICAL end point of ecological succession is known as the _______________________. | Climax Community |
| Pioneer species within a crop ecosystem can also be known as ______________. | Weeds |
| ______________ refers to a level of infestation or infection below which the economic value of a plant or crop is NOT compromised. | Threshold Level |
| Which invasive weed species was introduced from Japan to control soil erosion? | Kudzu |
| If weeds and crops are allowed to coexist, competition for sunlight, water, and mineral nutrients will have an increasingly negative impact on crop yields. | True |
| ____________ refers to a subpopulation of plants within a species that differs only slightly from the norm of the general population. | Biotype |
| Which cultural weed control method has been tried in almost every environment humans have attempted to manage? | Fire |
| The class Insecta contains over 80 percent of all known species of animals on earth. | True |
| In what year did the first herbicide-resistant crop become available? | 1991 |
| Knowing an insect's mode of feeding is important _____________________________. | When choosing the most effective type of insecticide to use. |
| Identify the pesticide mode of action that is used in insect traps. | Phermones |
| Which insect has been kept out of the United States mainland because of government regulatory controls? | Mediterranean Fruit Fly |
| Which vertebrate is known to eat dried fruits, stored grains, sugarcane in the field, and unharvested vegetables and fruits? | Rodents |
| Abiotic diseases spread from one plant to another. | False |
| Biotic diseases spread from one plant to another. | True |
| Biotic diseases will fail when: | A susceptible host is not found. |
| Necrotic plant tissue is visible during which final stage of a disease: | Tissue Death |
| Insects with piercing mouthparts are the most economically important vectors of plant viruses. | True |
| In contrast to viruses, which are intercellular pathogens, bacteria are considered intracellular pathogens. | False |
| Which infectious plant disease organisms are considered both beneficial and detrimental? | Fungi and Bacteria |
| Plant parasitic nematodes also attack animals and humans. | False |
| LD50 is expressed in milligrams of the chemical per ____________ of body weight of the test animal. | Kilogram |
| Carbohydrates, proteins, linoleic acid and vitamins all begin with photosynthesis | True |
| Heterotrophs are the terrestrial organisms that convert inorganic carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur to organic molecules through photosynthesis. | False |
| Vegetable crops supply over half of the world's food supply. | False |
| Plants are able to provide all the protein requirements of the human body. | False |
| Grains tend to be low in the amino acid methionine while pulses are low in the amino acid lysine. | True |
| The amount of land needed to provide a 3,000 calorie diet of corn, beans, and fruit and vegetables is _____. Assuming typical US yields. | .11 hectares |
| Ruminant animals have the ability to recover 50% more energy than humans from forage crops. | True |
| Historically, __________ has been the most important source of construction material and fuel. | Forestry |
| High quality paper is made from ___________. | Cotton |
| What fiber crop is able to penetrate compacted soils, provide high-quality fiber for clothing, yet illegal to grow in the United States? | Hemp |
| The production of biofuels affects the food supply positively by utilizing crop waste. | False |
| Tropical oil crops such as coconut and oil palm are the main sources of oils in plastics and lubricants. | False |
| Biotechnology has the potential to produce proteins needed for the creation of vaccines against malaria. | True |
| ________________ is the study of plant usage by indigenous cultures. | Ethnobotany |
| What percentage of pharmaceuticals is based on plant products? | 25 |
| Which deciduous tree was used by Native Americans to relieve pain by chewing the bark? | Willow |
| What wild growing plant in the Pacific Northwest is showing promise in the treatment of cancer? | Yew |
| In the United States, _________ is the most important crop for sweetener additives. | Corn |
| Biophilia is the term used to describe our desire for pets and ornamental plants. | True |
| In the United States, cities and suburbs occupy an area equivalent to ________ of the area of cropland. | 50% |
| Small "urban farms" are being established on lands not suitable for development in urban areas and providing food, ornamental plants, and plant products for local residents. | True |
| Data collected by the EPA implies that more pesticides are applied to lawns than to agronomic crops in the USA. | True |
| ______________ growing practice uses farming practices that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs." | Sustainable |
| Growing degree days concept is used to predict when a crop is ___________. | Harvestable |
| What is the main reason cut flowers and potted plants are sleeved before shipping? | Protection from shipping damage |
| Market quality standards for crops such as size, shape, color, and freedom from damage are established by the United States Department of Commerce. | False |
| What is the purpose of curing some crops after they are harvested? | To allow wounds to heal |
| In the Modified and Controlled atmosphere storage process, the oxygen content of the air is reduced with an inert gas in order to reduce respiration of the stored product. | True |
| Weather is considered the average values of climatic variables. | False |
| Which climatic variable is considered to have the greatest influence on an area's climate? | Solar radiation |
| How does latitude influence solar radiation intensity on earth? | Radiation decreases as latitudes increase |
| At what latitude does the highest solar radiation occur? | 0 degrees latitude |
| The relative angle of the sun toward the earth's surface _______________ as we move toward the poles. | Decreases |
| Identify the range of radiation wavelength that supports plant photosynthesis. | 400-700 nm |
| The average day length of 12 hours varies throughout the world because of the 14.5o tilt in the earth's axis. | True |
| Plants that flower in response to day length are called photoperiodic and the response is called photoperiodism. | True |
| Plants that flower when the light period is less than a critical length is known as ______________________. | Short day plants |
| Under forest canopies, the light intensity may be ____________ percent of the light intensity above the canopy. | 1 - 10 |
| Shade avoidance and photoperiodism responses are examples of __________________. | Photomorphogenesis |
| During photomorphogenesis, the light absorbing protein phytochrome responds differently to light in the red and far-red regions of the spectrum. | True |
| Crops grown in rows oriented in east to west orientation experience more far-red light. | False |
| Freshwater is replenished through the ____________________. | Hydrological Cycle |
| Water vapor escapes through pores in the leaf structure called ___________. | Stomata |
| As water escapes through leaf pores, which gas enters for photosynthesis? | Carbon dioxide |
| Relative humidity expresses the actual water content relative to the maximum amount that the air can hold at a given temperature. | True |
| Evaporation and plant transpiration rates are influenced by ________________. | Vapor pressure deficit |
| ______________ of precipitation. | Surplus |
| One variable of climate that can be and historically has been modified on a large scale is _______________. | Water |
| The voids found between soil solids are called ________________. | Pore Spaces |
| A productive soil, in general, is made up of 50% pore space, 40% solids, and 10% organic matter. | True |
| Water that remains in the soil after gravity has removed as much as it can is called _________________. | Field Capacity |
| Which chemical weathering process occurs when molecular water is added to another compound to form a hydrated material more vulnerable to pulverization? | Hydration |
| Soils formed in areas of high rainfall are often highly leached and acidic in reaction. | True |
| Soils formed in arid conditions are often highly productive. | False |
| How many kingdoms are present in the soil? | 5 |
| In areas where temperatures are high and rainfall is plentiful, decomposition rates of organic matter are high. | True |
| Which fungi assist plants with nutrient and water uptake? | Mycorrhizae |
| Gentle topographical slopes that are heavily coved with vegetation slow water flow and allow time for water to percolate into the soil. | True |
| High altitudes mean high soil volumes but low air temperatures, which influence the amount and type of vegetation. | False |
| _______________ is defined as the percentage of sand, silt, and clay particles in a soil. | Soil Texture |
| ______________ is defined as the arrangements of primary soil particles into secondary units, that is, the manner in which individual primary particles clump and hold together. | Soil Structure |
| High temperatures and greater rainfall amounts in tropical zones cause weathering and leaching of silicate and aluminosilicate minerals resulting in Oxisols soils. | True |
| The acidity or alkalinity of the soil is expressed as its pH. | True |
| In general, most plants will grow in the pH range 7 to 9. | False |
| The greater the Cation Exchange Capacity, the better the soils holds nutrients. | True |
| After the complete decomposition of organic matter, a complex, amorphous, colloidal substance called humus remains that has a CEC range of 10 to 50 cmol kg-1. | False |
| During nucleus cell division, new cells inherit DNA from the _____________ parent. | Male and Female |
| During mitochondrial cell division, new cells inherit DNA from the _____________ parent. | Female |
| Chromoplasts with chlorophyll are called ribosomes and are responsible for photosynthesis. | False |
| _____________ serves an important role by controlling the flow of water and materials into and out of the vacuole. | Tonoplast |
| Cell walls are made up of cellulose, pectic substances, lignins and are nonliving. | True |
| What are the strands of cytoplasmic material that connect individual cells called? | Plasmodesmata |
| _________ are closely associated with cellulose and give it added strength, as is well demonstrated by wood fibers. | Lignins |
| Meristematic tissues are regions of actively dividing cells that can differentiate into other tissues and organs. | True |
| _____________ carries water and dissolved minerals to the rest of the plant. | Xylem |
| __________ carries sugars and metabolites from the leaves to other parts of the plant. | Phloem |
| Cutin is a waxy substance covering the epidermis layer and aids in the reduction of water loss. | True |
| The purpose/function of the root cap is to _________ the actively dividing meristem as it penetrates the soil. | Protect |
| Palisade and spongy mesophyll parenchyma cells are two types of leaf cells that contain chlorophyll. | True |
| Leaves are usually classified as simple (a single leaf) or a compound (one with three or more leaflets). | True |
| Incomplete flowers have the following four parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil. | False |
| A fruit is a matured ovary plus associated parts. | True |
| The 3 basic parts of a seed are the embryo, the food storage tissue and the seed coat. | True |
Created by:
user-1993266