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223 exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| surgery is | traumatic and causes inflammation, physiological/psychological stress |
| surgical setting | inpatient-3 days.ambulatory(same day), short day (23 hr) |
| urgency surgery | elective (patients choice) , urgent, emergent (immediately) |
| surgical risk factors | smoking, age, nutrition, obesity, sleep apnea, immunocompetence, fluid imbalance |
| isotonic solution | NS 9%, LR |
| ectomy | remove something |
| otomy | open something |
| preop phase | prehabilitation(interventions to improve health), comp assessment, lab tests, stabilized conditions, emotional prep, preop teaching |
| lab tests | cbc (hct less than 30% is concern, less than 100,000 is hemorrhage), clotting studies, BMP, CMP (plus liver function) |
| plavis | clopidogrel |
| eliquis | apixaban |
| post op teaching | general info, diet, physical prep, pain management, anticoagulant therapy, postop exercises |
| dietary restrictions | preop fasting clear liquid-2 hrs, tea and toast-6 hrs, heavy meal-8 hr |
| interventions on day of surgery | documentation, vital signs, hygiene, hair, remove prostheses, prep bowels, apply anti embolism devices |
| transfering surgery patient | maintain iv, lock bed and raise rails |
| anesthesia | general-loss of all sensation/consciousness, regional-24-36 hrs, loss of sensation in one area, local-loss of sensation at site-inhibits periphreal nerve conduction, moderate sedation-procedures that dont require full anesthesia |
| post op assessment | respiration, circulatory, temp, neurological, fluid balance, POSS, efficacy safety score (mental, pain, mobility, comfort), skin, genitourinary, GI, hyperactive bowels |
| post op implementation | respiration, artificial airways, recovery position, suction, deep breathing, oxygen |
| family. durability | system of support and structure within a family that extends beyond walls of household |
| family resiliency | ability to cope with expected and unexpected stressors |
| family diversity | uniquness of each family unit |
| concept of family | represent more than a set of individuals, diverse |
| family forms | caregivers, poverty, homeless, DV |
| structure | based on ongoing membership of the family and pattern of relationships. flexible family structure-absence of stability prevents other family members from acting during a crisis |
| family function | involves processes used by a family to achieve goals |
| family nursing | context-health and development on individual members family as patient-famly patterns and processes system-both family members and family unit |
| standards for patient education | basic nursing competency, patients bill of rights |
| effective communication | feedback from sender and receiver |
| cognitive learning | what patient needs to know |
| affective learning | includes patients personal attitudes, beliefs, behavior, and emotions |
| psychomotor learning | patients acquire skills that require the integration of knowledge and motor skills |
| motivation to learn | attentional set, cultural factors, active participation |
| spatial learning | the ability to understand, reason about, and mentally manipulate the location, dimensions, and relationships of objects in space |
| linguistic learning | the scientific study of language itself (linguistics) and the process of acquiring language (language acquisition) |
| formal leadership | a position of authority granted to an individual by an organization, typically through a formal appointment or election |
| informal leadership | the ability of an individual to influence others without holding a formal position of authority |
| transformational leadership | TEEMS approach (time, empowerment, enthusiasm, apprectaion, manage, support), daily progress of goal and day tp day operations, reward/punishment |
| sBAR | situation, background, assesment, recommendation |
| five rights of delegation | right task, circumstance, person, direction, supervision |
| what is a drug | any chemical that affects physiology |
| whats a medication | drug preparation specifically designed to produce the effect of physiologic function |
| chemical medication names | provides the exact description of medications composition |
| generic medication names | the manufacturer who first develops the drug assigns the name and it is listed in the us pharmacopeia |
| trade medication names | aka brand name |
| medicine classification | effect of medication on body system, symptoms the medication relieves, medications desired effect |
| medication forms and routes | solid, liquid, topical, parenteral |
| generic name ending | caine-local anesthetics. done-opiod analgesics. ide-oral hypoglycemic. iam/nium/pam-antianxieyty agent. cillin/mycin/oxacin-antibiotics. mide-diuretics. olol-beta blockers. sone-steroids, statin=antilipemics, vir-antiviral |
| controlled substances act 1970 | regulates manufacture and distribution of drugs with the potential for abuse, reduce oppurtunity for drugs to be diverted from legitimate sources to drug abusers, monitored by DEA |
| excretion | thru kidneys mostly, bowel, lungs, skin, sweat, breast milk. some medications are excreted thru exocrine glands |
| the chemical makeup of a medicine determines | which organ excretes the medication |
| side effect | unrelated to therapeutic effects, known and predictable, dose dependent, immediate or after prolonged use |
| adverse effects | unintended, undesirable, unpredictable effects, immediatley or after prolonged use |
| allergic reaction | unpredictable immune response to medications, not dose dependent.minor-rash, itch, hoves. major-anaphalaxis-decr bp, airway swells |
| idiosyncratic | unpredictable patient response. over response, under response, abnormal reaction |
| toxic effects | develop after prolonged intake or impaired metabolism, concentration exceeds theraputic range |
| misuse med use | not consistent with legal or medical guidelines such as overuse, underuse, erratic use |
| medication tolerance | occurs over time, patients require increasingly higher doses to achieve same therapeutic effect |
| medication dependence | physiological dependence-desire for the medication for a benefit other then the intended effect. physical dependence- intense physical disturbance when medicine is withdrawn |
| medication interactions | when one medication modifies the action of another. synergistic effect-combined effect of two medications is greater than when given seperatley. anatgonistic effect-drugs effect is decreased in presence of another substance. |
| incompatibility effects | mixing medications in a solution that causes an adverse chemical reaction |
| rights of med admin | medication, dose, patient, route, time, documentation, indication, evaluation, education, refuse |
| whats required to have a complete medication order | date/time, medicine name, dose, form, route, frequency, reason for indication, prescriber |
| SL | sublingual |
| types of orders in acute care agencies | standing orders, prn orders, single orders, stat orders, now orders |
| 1 tsp | 5 mL |
| t tbsp | 15mL |
| carbs | starches and sugars, fiber |
| proteins | amino acids, nitrogen balance |
| fats | unsaturated, saturated, monosaturated, polysaturated, essential fatty acids |
| vitamins | free radicals, water soluble or fat soluble, organic substances in small amounts, body can only make k and d, antioxidates, neutralize free radicals |
| water | transports nutrients and waste products, structure to large molecules, solvent, lubricant, cushion, regulates temp, amintain blood volume |
| water soluble vitamins | B complex, C |
| fat soluble vitamins | A,D,E,K |
| vegetarian diet | plant foods. ovolactovegetarian-eats eggs and milk lacto vegetarian-drinks milk. ovovegetarian-eats eggs. vegan-plant food |
| BMI | recommended-18.5 to 24.9. overweight-24.9. obese-29.9 |
| therapeutic diets | regular, cardiac, low fat, renal, diabetic, dysphagia |
| aspiration precautions | position head of bed elevated a minimum of 30 degrees, check tube placement every 4 to 6 hours, check gastric residual volume every 4 hrs |
| central PN | PN solutions that contain 10% dextrose or greater administered through a central venous catheter |
| peripheral PN | PN solutions with osmolality greater than 900 mOsm. administered through peripheral veins |
| macros | carbs, protein, fat |
| micros | vitamin, trace minerals, water support growth, development, and maintain overall health |
| carbs= | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| insoluble fiber | prevent constipation |
| soluble fiber | delays gastric entry, prevents diahreha |
| amino acids | building blocks of protein |
| nitrogen balance | input nitrogen s greater than output=positive |
| negative nitrogen balance | sepsis, infection, fever |
| fats | insoluble in water , triglycerides and acids, energy, hormones, cell structure |
| anabolism | the set of metabolic processes that build complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy to do so |
| catabolism | the metabolic process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, which releases energy for the body to use |
| avoid what in renal diets | potassium and phosphorus |
| vitamin b | meats and proteins |
| vitamin c | immune system in fruits |
| vitamin a | eyesight, carrots |
| vitamin d | bone growth |
| vitamin k | green leafy veggies |
| we need food for | growth/development, cellular metabolism, tissue repair |
| nutrients are transported through | blood to organs for metabolic processes |
| metabolism | the set of chemical reactions in the body that convert food and drink into energy to allow living organisms to grow, reproduce, and maintain life |
| malnutrition universal screening tool | a simple, validated tool used to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition |
| mini nutritional assessment | a screening tool used to assess nutritional status in older adults (65 years and older). It is a simple, reliable, and widely used tool to identify individuals at risk of malnutrition or malnutrition itself. |
| parenteral nutrition | a medical treatment that provides all the necessary nutrients directly into the bloodstream through an intravenous (IV) catheter |
| palliative surgery | reduces pain |
| constructive surgery | restore function from congenital abnormalities |
Created by:
cwehner125