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AP Human Unit 2
| Everything | Term |
|---|---|
| Agricultural Population Density | the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount for land suitable for agriculture |
| Physiological population density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture |
| Arithmetic population density | the total number of people divided by the total land area |
| Population distribution | patterns of human settlement - the spread of people across the earth |
| Arable Land | and that is suited for agriculture/growing crops |
| Population pyramid | a bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex |
| Infrastructure | facilities and structures that allow people to carry out their typical activities. I.E., sewer systems, electrical grids, roads, and bridges |
| Carrying Capacity | the number of people an area can support on a sustained basis |
| Overpopulation | a situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living |
| Demography | the study of human population |
| Chain Migration | Flow of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality migrated there |
| Counter migration | the flow of people that moves in the opposite direction |
| Crude birthrate | the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society |
| Dependency Ratio | the number of people under age 15 and over age 65 compared to the number of people active in the labor force |
| Ecumene | the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement |
| Emigration | Leaving your home country for another |
| Ethnic enclaves | neighborhoods filled primarily with people of the same ethnic groups. Ex Little Italy, Chinatown |
| Forced Migration | Permanent movement, usually compelled by cultural factors |
| Immigrants | people who move into a country |
| Immigration | Migration to a new country |
| Internal Migration | Permanent movement within a particular country |
| Internally Displaced Person | Someone forced to migrate for political reasons, like a refugee, but has not migrated across an international boundary |
| Intervening opportunities | Migrants could also encounter these opportunities en route that could disrupt their migration plan, like finding a new job |
| Life Expectancy | is the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions |
| Migration | permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from one place to another |
| Pro-natalist Policy | programs designed to increase the fertility rate |
| Pull factor | Positive conditions or circumstances that migrants will often cause to move toward a place |
| Push factor | negative circumstances, events, or conditions present where someone lives, which generally compel a person to move |
| Refugees | Migrants who cross international borders from one country to another |
| Social stratification | the hierarchical division of people into groups based on factors such as economic status, power, and/or ethnicity |
| Step Migration | Long-distance migration is done in stages |
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years |
| Transhumance | the process of herders moving with their animals to different pastures during different seasons |
| Voluntary Migration | Permanent movement undertaken by choice |
| Xenophobia | is a strong dislike of people of another culture |
| What are the three things that change in The Demographic Transition Model theory? | Birth rate, Death rate, Population |
| The Demographic Transition Model numbers | CBR, CDR, NIR (DBR-CDR) |
| Crude Birth Rate | number of births per 1000 |
| Crude Death Rate | number of deaths per 1000 |
| Natural Increase rate/ Rate of Natural Increase | CBR - CDR |
| Stage one of DTM | a period of low growth: high CBR- cultural preferences, lack of contraceptives, High CDR- lack of sanitation/medicine, animal attacks, war, famine (Very low NIR) |
| Stage two of DTM | a period of high growth: extremely high CBR- industrial revolution leads to food security, falling CDR- increased sanitation/ medicine, increased life expectancy, falling infant mortality rates, very high NIR |
| Stage three of DTM | a period of moderate growth: falling CBR- women entering workforce, seeking education, improved economy = low need for kids, + urbanization, falling CDR- further advances in medicine, increased life expectancy, falling infant mortality rates, moderate NIR |
| Stage four of DTM | a period of low growth: low CBR- women delay marriage, seek education, increased contraceptives, family planning, low CDR- higher incomes mean better health outcomes, no NIR |
| Stage five 0f DTM | a period of negative growth: couples choosing not to have kids, DBR falling below CDR, rising CDR- increased urbanization, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, negative population growth |
| Doubling time population | 70 divided by NIR |
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