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Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 components of a cell. | Cytoplasm Plasma membrane Ribosomes DNA |
| T/F Ribosomes are the site for nucleic acid synthesis? | False: protein |
| Which organ considered the powerhouse of cell? | Mitochondria |
| Which molecules cross plasma membrane with ease | hydrophobic |
| T/F Process of osmosis is an example of active | false – diffusion |
| Facilitated diffusion transport molecules from | high to low |
| _______ is the process by which an mRNA strand is produced | Transcription |
| _______is the process by which an amino acid sequence is produced. | Translation |
| Translation occurs where within a cell? | cytoplasm |
| A simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism | Prokaryote |
| A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus | Eukaryotic |
| 3 types of fibers within the cytoskeleton | Microfilament Intermediate Filament Microtubules |
| allow different functions to be compartmentalized in different areas of the cell. | Organelles |
| Fluid Mosaic Model includes: | Phospholipids Cholesterol Proteins Carbohydrates |
| Plasma membrane structure allows ______ in and out. | protein |
| A molecule consisting of glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate-linked head group. | Phospholipids |
| Located in the fluid background of the membrane | Phospholipids |
| Inserted among the phospholipid tails | Cholesterol |
| Embedded within the Phospholipid layers. | Integral Proteins |
| On the inner or outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer; NOT embedded within the phospholipids. | Peripheral Proteins |
| Attached to proteins and lipids on the outside of the membrane | Carbohydrates (glycoproteins, glycolipids) |
| 3 types of transport methods | Passive Active Bulk |
| Materials move within cells by _______, and certain materials move across the plasma membrane by ______. (hint: same word) | diffusion aka passive transport |
| Materials diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins . | Facilitated diffusion |
| Transmembrane proteins that fold to form a channel or pore through the membrane. | Channel proteins |
| Channel proteins that allow water to pass through the membrane at a very high rate. | Aquaporins |
| Higher concentration of water | Hypotonic |
| Lower concentration of water | Hypertonic |
| No movement of water | Isotonic |
| DNA--->mRNA--->Protein | Central Dogma of molecular biology |
| mRNA strand if DNA strand is: TGCGGCATACGCATCAGT | ACGCCUAUGCGUAGUCA |
| Universal code is _______ A given codon always specifies just one amino acid. | Unambiguous |
| Universal code is nearly _______ With a few exceptions, virtually all species use the same genetic code for protein synthesis. | Universal |
| Universal code is _______ More nucleotide triplets than there are amino acids, a given amino acid can be encoded by more than on codon. | Redundant |
| Single base is changed in the DNA sequence results in a | Point mutation |
| Causes a different amino acid to be inserted into the protein | Missense mutation |
| Changes a codon that specified an amino acid to stop codon | Nonsense mutation |
| Results in changing a codon to another codon that encodes the same amino acid | Silent mutation |
| When extra base pairs are added (insertion) or removed (deletion) from a gene. | Frameshift mutation |
| Initiation of Transcription | First step in transcription is to identify where to begin copying the DNA strand. |
| During _________, RNA polymerase proceeds along the DNA template strand | Transcription Elongation |
| RNA polymerase reaches a special sequence of bases in DNA template strand, called the _________ sequence | Terminator (transcription termination) |
| ________ dissociate into large and small subunits when they are not synthesizing proteins and reassociate during the initiation of translation. | Ribosomes |
| Molecules that bind to sequences on the mRNA template and add the corresponding amino acid to the polypeptide chain | tRNAs |
| A 3-nucleotide sequence that base pairs with a complementary mRNA codon. | Anticodon |
| The process of making an RNA cop of a gene is mediated by enzymes called | RNA polymerases |
| Transcription takes place in the _______, in a Eukaryotic cell. | Nucleus |
| Transcription takes place in the ________ in a Prokaryotic cell. | Cytoplasm |
| Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the | promoter |
| Which regulation of gene expression takes place during protein synthesis? | Translational control |
| In prokaryotes, the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of | an operon. |
| CAP is only active when cAMP levels are _____ and glucose levels are ____. | high low |
| The end of a linear chromosome is called a | telomere |
| The enzyme that is used to join complementary DNA nucleotides together is | DNA polymerase |
| T/F only DNA has the self-repairing mechanisms? | True |
| What is the principal replication enzyme in E. coli? | DNA polymerase III |
| What opens up one segment of the DNA helix during replication? | DNA helicase |
| What adds complementary free nucleotides to the exposed DNA strand? | DNA polymerase |
| If you were watching a cell undergoing a doubling of the DNA in its nucleus, you would be observing | replication. |
| Where in a eukaryotic cell does DNA replication occur? | Nucleus |
| In semi-conservative DNA replication, each new double helix formed will have | one new and one old strand in each helix. |
| What is the function of the enzyme primase during DNA replication? | Add an RNA primer to enable replication of DNA. |
| DNA ---> DNA ACGCCG | TGCGGC |
| DNA ---> mRNA AGTGTA | AGUGUA |
| DNA ---> RNA ATGCCGC | AUGCCGC |
Created by:
LHigh89