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Rolley Chapter 17
physic 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that can be identified with that element. Consists of protons and neutrons in a nucleus surrounded by electrons |
| nucleus | the positively charged center of an atom, which contains protons and neutrons and has almost all the mass of the entire atom but only a tiny fraction of the volume |
| chemical formula | a description that uses numbers and symbols of elements to describe the proportions of elements in a oompound or reaction |
| compound | a chemical substance made of atoms of two or more different elements combined in a fixed proportion |
| molecule | the smallest particle of substance consisting of two or more atoms of the same or different elements bonded together |
| brownian motion | the perpetual random movement of microscopic particles suspended in a fluid medium |
| element | a substance made of only one kind of atom. Examples of elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| nucleon | the pricipal building block of the nucleus; a neutron or a proton |
| neutron | an electrically neutral particle that is one of the two kinds of particles found in the nucleus of an atom |
| protons | a positively charged particle that is one of the two kinds of particles found in the nucleus of an atom |
| isostope | a form of an element having a particular number of neutrons in the nuclei of its atoms. Different isotopes pf a particular element have the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers |
| shell model of the atom | a model in which the electrons of an atom are pictured as grouped in concentric shells around the nucleus |
| periodic table | a chart that lists elements by atomic number and by electron arrangements, so that elements with similar chemical properties are in the same column |
| plasma | a fourth phase of matter, in addittion to solid, liquid, and gas. In the this phase, which exists mainly at high temperature, matter consists of positively charged ions and free electrons |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| ion | an atom (or group of atoms bound together) with a net electric charge, which is due to the loss or gain of electrons |
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