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C-CERT Test Material
Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| plantar | bottom of the food |
| palmar | palm of the hand |
| lateral | away from the midline |
| medial | towards the midline |
| proximal | closer to the torso |
| distal | further from the torso |
| coronal/frontal plane | divides body into anterior and posterior |
| anterior | front of the body |
| posterior | back of the body |
| sagittal plane | divides the body into left and right |
| transverse plane | divides body into superior and inferior portions |
| supine position | laying back on the ground |
| prone | laying face on the ground |
| integumentary system | forms a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment |
| organs of the integumentary system | skin, hair, nails, glands, sensory nerves |
| muscular system | permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body |
| organs of the muscular system | skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle |
| skeletal system | gives the body its shape, allows movement, produces blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals |
| organs of the skeletal system | cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bones |
| spine | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, scrap, coccyx |
| cervical spine | 7 bones |
| C1 | atlans |
| C2 | axis |
| thoracic spine | 12 bones |
| lumbar spine | 5 bones |
| sacral spine | 5 fused bones |
| coccyx | 4 fused bones |
| immune system | protects the body against foreign invaders and diseases |
| organs of the immune system | thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, skin |
| endocrine system | makes, sends, and regulates hormones |
| organs of the endocrine system | hypothalamus, thyroid, pituitary, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes |
| thyroid | metabolism |
| parathyroid | calcium |
| adrenal glands | adrenaline |
| pancreas | insulin |
| testes and ovaries | testosterone and estrogen |
| renal system | filtered blood flow to excrete and balance levels of toxins and metabolic waste products |
| organs of the renal system | kidney, ureter, bladder |
| kidney | filtration organ |
| neohron | the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine |
| glomerulus | where waste products are filtered from the blood |
| nervous system | transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body, including internal organs |
| frontal lobe | front of the brain, problem solving, reasoning, speaking, voluntary motor activity, emotional traits |
| parietal lobe | back of the brain, knowing right/left, sensation, reading, body orientation |
| temporal lobe | middle of the brain, understanding language, behavior, memory, hearing |
| occipital lobe | back of the brain, vision, color perception |
| cerebellum | bottom of the brain, balance, coordination and control of voluntary movement, fine muscle control |
| brain stem | breathing, body temp, digestion, alertness, sleep, swallowing |
| digestive system | breaks down food intro nutrienst |
| cardiovascular system | delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other important substances to cells and organs in the body |
| parts of the cardiovascular system | heart, blood vessels, blood |
| arteries | carry blood away from the heart |
| veins | carry blood towards the heart |
| capillaries | connect veins and arteries, site of diffusion |
| blood flow through the heart | superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body |
| respiratory system | moves fresh air into the body while removing water gases |
| parts of the respiratory system | pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm |
Created by:
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