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Astronomy Unit 1
Earth-Moon-Sun Model
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lunar eclipse | the Earth's shadow on the Moon |
| solar eclipse | the Moon's shadow on the Earth |
| path of totality | the narrow shadow path on Earth where the Moon completely covers the Sun during a total solar eclipse |
| apogee | the point in the Moon’s elliptical orbit where it is farthest from Earth |
| perigee | the point in the Moon’s elliptical orbit where it is closest to Earth |
| penumbra | the lighter outer part of a shadow during an eclipse |
| umbra | the darkest inner part of a shadow where the light is completely blocked |
| intertidal zone | the area between high and low tide that’s sometimes underwater and sometimes exposed |
| low tide | when ocean water reaches its lowest level along the shore; occurs twice a day |
| high tide | when ocean water reaches its highest level along the shore; occurs twice a day |
| spring tides | the extra high and low tides that happen when the Sun, Moon, and Earth line up; occurs twice a month |
| neap tides | the smaller tides that occur when the Sun and Moon pull at right angles to each other; occurs twice a month |
| rotation | the spinning of a planet or moon on its axis |
| revolution | the movement of one object around another in space |
| orbit | the curved path an object follows as it revolves around another body |
| axis | the imaginary line through a planet’s North and South Poles that it spins around during rotation |
| tilt | the slant of a planet’s axis that causes seasonal changes |
| ellipse | an oval-shaped path, like the orbit of planets or moons |
| moon | a natural satellite that orbits a planet |
| satellite | an object that orbits a planet, either natural or human-made |
| new moon | when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun; causes spring tides and is highest overhead at noon |
| full moon | when the entire face of the Moon is lit; causes spring tides and is highest overhead at midnight |
| 1st quarter moon | when half the Moon is lit on the right side; causes neap tides and is highest overhead at sunset |
| 3rd quarter moon | when half the Moon is lit on the left side; causes neap tides and is highest overhead at sunrise |
| bulge | the ocean’s rise caused by the Moon’s gravitational pull, creating high tides; there are 2 on the Earth at all times |
| poles | the North and South ends of Earth’s axis; their tilt affects seasons |
| tropics | regions near the equator where the Sun can be directly overhead, affecting seasons; receives direct sunlight during summer and winter solstices |
| latitude | the distance north or south of the equator; helps determine climate, sunlight, and seasonal effects |
| winter solstice | the Sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn; shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere |
| summer solstice | the Sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer; longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere |
| spring equinox | the Sun is directly over the equator; day and night are nearly equal in length |
| fall equinox | the Sun is directly over the equator; day and night are nearly equal in length |
| craters | round depressions on the Moon or planets caused by impacts from meteoroids, asteroids, or comets |
| mares | dark, flat plains on the Moon made of younger basalt lava flows |
| highlands | lighter, mountainous regions on the Moon made of older feldspar-rich rock |
| gravity | the force that pulls objects toward each other; affected by an object’s mass and distance |
Created by:
mapledale7