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ruminant
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Study of the structure and function of the organs involved in food digestion. | Digestive Anatomy and Physiology |
| Animals that eat flesh and have short, simple digestive tracts. | Carnivores |
| Animals that feed entirely on plant material and have long, complex digestive tracts. | Herbivores |
| Animals that eat both plants and meat and have intermediate digestive systems. | Omnivores |
| Animals that feed mainly on grains or seeds with high energy content. | Granivores |
| Animals that consume both plant and animal matter, like pigs. | Non-ruminant omnivores |
| animals with a complex foregut and simple intestinal tract, like poultry. | Non-ruminant birds |
| Carnivorous animals like dogs and cats with simple stomachs. | Non-ruminant carnivores |
| Herbivorous animals with complex large intestines, like horses and mules. | Non-ruminant herbivores |
| Herbivorous animals with complex large intestines, like rabbits. | Non-ruminant herbivores (rabbits) |
| Animals that chew cud and have a four-chambered stomach, such as cattle, goats, and sheep. | Ruminants |
| Ruminants and similar animals where fermentation occurs before the true stomach. | Pregastric or foregut fermenters |
| Non-ruminant foregut fermenters like kangaroos, sloths, and humans. | Pregastric non-ruminant fermenters |
| Animals where fermentation occurs in the large intestine, such as horses and elephants. | Hindgut fermenters |
| Carnivores with non-functional cecum where fermentation happens in the colon. | Monogastric carnivores |
| Omnivores with non-functional cecum, where limited fermentation occurs in hindgut. | Monogastric omnivores |
| Birds that feed mainly on grains and seeds. | Grain feeders |
| Microbial fermentation in ruminants produces proteins absorbed in the small intestine. | Ruminant microbial fermentation |
| Fermentation in horses occurs after the small intestine, limiting protein absorption. | Non-ruminant fermentation (horses) |
| First compartment of a ruminant stomach functioning as fermentation vat. | Rumen |
| Second compartment of a ruminant stomach that filters heavy materials. | Reticulum |
| Third compartment of a ruminant stomach that absorbs water and minerals. | Omasum |
| Fourth compartment of a ruminant stomach functioning as the true stomach. | Abomasum |
| Organ responsible for true digestion of nutrients after stomach chambers. | Small intestine |
| Organ responsible for separating solid and liquid waste. | Large intestine |
| Blind pouch in ruminants with little or no digestive function. | Cecum |
| Section responsible for water absorption and waste formation. | Colon |
| Site where microbial fermentation produces volatile fatty acids used as energy source. | Rumen |
| Part of the cow’s stomach also known as the “honeycomb.” | Reticulum |
| Part of the cow’s stomach also known as the “book” or “bible.” | Omasum |
| Part of the cow’s stomach also known as the “true stomach.” | Abomasum |
| Protein digestion occurs in the abomasum through enzyme action. | Protein digestion site |
| Contains microbes that synthesize high-quality proteins and B vitamins. | Rumen microbial role |
| First chamber of the cow’s stomach with a capacity of about 40 gallons. | Rumen capacity |
| Second chamber (reticulum) with a honeycomb structure and about 5-gallon capacity. | Reticulum capacity |
| Third chamber (omasum) responsible for absorbing water and minerals (15 ft long). | Omasum function |
| Fourth chamber (abomasum) responsible for enzymatic digestion (7 gallons capacity). | Abomasum function |
| Longest part of digestive tract responsible for nutrient absorption (150 ft long). | Small intestine |
| Large intestine that separates solids and liquids (20 ft long). | Large intestine |
| Ruminants use regurgitation, rechewing, and reswallowing to digest fiber. | Rumination |
| Fermentation products absorbed as volatile fatty acids in the rumen. | Rumen fermentation products |
| Microbial fermentation in ruminants produces gases like methane and carbon dioxide. | Fermentation gases |
| Microorganisms that aid in cellulose digestion in ruminants. | Rumen microbes |
| Provides conditions for microbial growth such as warmth, moisture, and food supply. | Rumen environment |
| Main energy source for ruminants produced from microbial fermentation. | Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) |
| Chamber where hardware disease can occur due to swallowed foreign objects. | Reticulum |
| Chamber where water absorption reduces liquid content of digesta. | Omasum |
| Chamber where pepsin and HCl begin true protein digestion. | Abomasum |
| Fermentation before the small intestine allowing full nutrient absorption. | Ruminant digestion advantage |
| Fermentation after the small intestine reducing protein absorption. | Non-ruminant digestion disadvantage |
| Animals like cattle, goats, and sheep with four stomach chambers. | Ruminants |
| Animals like pigs, horses, and poultry with one stomach chamber. | Non-ruminants |
| Type of animal digestion characterized by microbial fermentation before the stomach. | Foregut fermentation |
| Type of animal digestion characterized by fermentation after the stomach. | Hindgut fermentation |
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